Financial Calculus

Base Knowledge

Knowledge of Mathematics at the 9th grade level, as well as logarithms and exponential function.

Teaching Methodologies

Theoretical/Practical classes. The expositive method is used and classes are suported in a wide range of practical cases.

Learning Results

Goals:

The main goal of this course is to provide the basic concepts in Finance, particularly those related with the value of money in time.

 

Skills:

At the end of the course, students must be able to:

 – apply the calculation methods inherent to asset and liability financial transactions;

 – discuss and compare the various financing modalities available to private and public entities;

 – identify the determining factors of the financial cost inherent in the different types of financing;

 – produce and interpret maps and other documents relating to the various financing modalities.

Program

Chapter I – Capitalization and discount

 1 – Return, financial transactions and interest rate

 2 – Capitalization

      2.1 – Simple interest

      2.2 – Compound interest

      2.3 – Continuous interest

 3 – Calculation of interest in banking practice

 4 – Confrontation between the various capitalization regimes

 5 – Discount operations

      5.1 – Discount at simple interest

      5.2 – Discount at compound interest

 Chapter II – Interest rates

 1 – Kinds of interest rates

 2 – Proportional and equivalent interest rate

 3 – Nominal and effective interest rates

 4 – Average interest rate

 5 – The effect of taxation: gross and net interest rate

 6 – Annual percentual rate of charge (APR)

 Chapter III – Short-term Financing Sources

 1 – Discount of credit securities

       1.1 – Concept and characteristics of bills

       1.2 – Bills’ discount

       1.3 – Concept and characteristics of promissory notes

 2 – Effective cost of discount

 3 – Bills’ roll-over

 Chapter IV – Equivalence of capital

 1 – Equations of value

 2 – Evaluation rate

  Chapter V – Annuities

 1 – Main concepts

 2 – Kinds of annuities

 3 – Two main cases

      3.1 – Discounted value of an annuity

      3.2 – Accumulated value of an annuity

 4 – Annuities due

 5 – Deferred annuities

 6 – Fractional annuities

 7 – Perpetual annuities of constant terms

 8 – Contingent annuities: their specificities

 Chapter VI – Long-term Financing Sources

 1 – Loans

  1.1 – Notion and characteristics of loans

  1.2 – Amortization of loans

  1.3 – Amortization schedules

  1.4 – Periodic instalments and periodic repayments

 2 – Debentures: their specificities

Curricular Unit Teachers

Internship(s)

NAO

Bibliography

Main references (in order of relevance):

1)    Quelhas, A. P. & Correia, F. (2017). Manual de Matemática Financeira, Coimbra: Almedina (4.ª edição reimpressa).

2)    Matias, F., Martins, A., Monteiro, C. & Correia, T. (2023). Matemática Financeira – Teoria e Prática. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.

3)    Matias, R. (2018). Cálculo Financeiro – Teoria e Prática, Escolar Editora (6.ª edição).

4)    Alves, C., Ribeiro, C., Farinha, J. & Alves, R. (2019). Cálculo Financeiro Aplicado. Coimbra: Almedina (2.ª edição).

5)    Santos, L. F. & Laureano,R. (2011). Fundamentos  do Cálculo Financeiro. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.

 

 Supplementary references:

 Quelhas, A. P. (2019). Mathematics of Finance. Almedina (e-book ).