Anatomy, Physiology and Animal Histology

Basic knowledge in the areas of: Biology I, Biology II and Introduction to Biotechnology

In order to be able to confer the proposed competences, the teaching/learning process is based on:

Theoretical exhibition classes.

Practical classes with skeletal models of animals and bones, organs from slaughterhouses and anatomical models, microscopic observations of matters related to embryology, osteology and histology.

Use of audiovisual media to demonstrate certain physiological mechanisms.

Laboratory classes demonstrating physiological mechanisms.

The curricular unit (UC) comprises of Anatomy, a science that describes the structure of the animal body as a whole, Physiology, which studies the functions of different organic systems and Histology, which consists of the microscopic study of the tissues that make up the organs. These studies are fundamental in the biotechnology program since anatomo-physiological knowledge is essential for students interested in persuing research in the health field. The UC allows the student to understand the structure of normal tissue (macroscopic and microscopic) and some possible pathological changes that can occurs in them.

The main objectives of this UC are as follows:

1. Know the exterior of the animal and the general organization of the animal skeleton compared to the human skeleton
2. Know the location of the different systems and organs present in the animal and human organism – a comparative study (Esplancnologia)
3. Understand the macroscopic and microscopic structures and the functions of the different organs present in the body of an animal.
4. Know the location of the different endocrine glands, their macroscopic and microscopic structures and their functions.

For the purposes of evaluating students, the program contents are organized into 2 modules:

Module 1. (60%)

1. Study of the external structures of the animal and definitions and terms used in anatomy.

2. Skeletal organization of different animal species – comparative study.

3. Anatomical position of the various organic structures of the animal organism and its relationship with bone structure.

4. General indications of histology: structure of animal cells and tissues. Tissue processing for histological studies.

5. Anatomy, histology and physiology of the muscular system.

6. Anatomy, histology and physiology of the circulatory system and respiratory system

7. Anatomy, histology and physiology of the lymphatic and immune system.

8. Anatomy, histology and physiology of the nervous system.

Module 2. (40%)

1. Anatomical localization, histology and physiology of endocrine glands.

2. Anatomy, histology and physiology of the digestive system of different animal species.

3. Anatomy, histology and physiology of the male reproductive system.

4. Anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system, mammary gland and lactopoietic function

5. Anatomy, histology and physiology of the urinary system.

• - A avaliação em exame consiste numa prova escrita [50%] e numa prova prática [50%]. - 100.0%

• - Módulo 2: Teste escrito + Prova prática - 50.0%
• - Módulo 1: Teste escrito + Prova prática - 50.0%

NAO

Akers, R.M. & Denbow D. M.  (2013). Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, 2nd Edition, Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 684 pages, ISBN: 978-1-118-35638-8

Aspinall, V., Cappello, M. (2015). Introduction to veterinary anatomy and physiology textbook. 3ª edição, Elsevier Health Sciences, Massachusetts, EUA, 288 pp. Paperback ISBN: 9780702057359, eBook ISBN: 9780702057397, eBook ISBN: 9780702057335

BANKS William J., Applied Veterinary Histology. Third Edition. Mosby, Inc. St. Louis, Missouri USA, 1993, ISBN 0-8016-6610-4

BARONE Robert, Anatomie compareé des mammifères domestique. Paris: Vigot, 1980

CLAYTON H.M.[et al.]. Atlas colorido de anatomia aplicada dos grandes animais. São Paulo: Editora Manole Ltda., 1997

FRANDSON R.D., WILKE, L.W., FAILS, A.D. Anatomia e fisiologia dos animais de fazenda. 6ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2005.

HAFEZ, B. e HAFEZ, E.S.E. _ Reproduction in Farm Animals, 7th edition. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000.

König, H., Liebich, H-G., 2014. Veterinary anatomy of domestic mammals: Textbook and colour atlas. 6ª edição, Taylor and Francis, 824 pp ISBN-10: 9783794528332, ISBN-13: 978-3794528332

MCcracken, T. O.; Kainer, R. A.; Spureon, T. L. – Spurgeon atlas colorido de anatomia de grandes animais: fundamentos. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan. 2004. ISBN 8527708884

MCDONALD, P.; EDWARDS, R.A.; GREENHALGH, J.F.D. E MORGAN, C.A. – Animal Nutrition, 6ª Ed. Edimburgh: Prentice Hall, 2002.

KARDONG K.V. Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution. 2nd ed. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1997

SWENSON, M.S. Dukes Fisiologia dos Animais Domésticos, 10ª edicão, Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 1988

THRUSFIELD M., Epidemiologia veterinária. Zaragoza, Acríbia, D. L. 1990

TIZARD I.R. Veterinary immunology: an introduction. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W. C. Saunders Company, Cop. 2000

Color Atlas of Veterinary Histology,  2nd Edition by William Bacha, Linda Bacha 2000, Editors Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 0-683-30618-9

Comparative Veterinary Histology with Clinical Correlates 2001, Aughey E & Frye, F.L. Manson Publishing/The Veterinary Press. ISBN 1–874545–66–9

YOUNG Barbara, et al – Wheater – Histologia Funcional: Texto e Atlas em Cores; 5ª edição; Editor Elsevier. 2007 ISBN: 978-85-352-1859-6

BIBLIOGRAFIA COMPLEMENTAR

CROUJÉ P. B. Ruminant physiology: digestion, metabolism, growth and reproduction. ed. Oxon: Cabi Publishing, 2000

TE PAS M. F. W., EVERTS M. E., HAAGSMAN H. P.. Muscle development of livestock animals: physiology, genetics and meat quality.  Oxfordshire: ed. CABI, 2004