Biotechnology and Bio refinery

BSc second year in the course complete.

The great development of the area has occurred in recent years, as well as the scientific advance in the area makes the most relevant part of the knowledge in the area is published in scientific articles in magazine, and there is still little literature updated on the subject. Thus, scientific articles are used, as well as databases as the main source of knowledge, complementing whenever possible with experimental demonstrations and / or pilot unit.

Fossil raw materials have been over the last few decades an inexpensive source of starting materials, necessary for the manufacture of many products customary to modern society. The beginning of the century was marked by an increase in oil demand and consumption due to high global economic growth, especially in the East. In the same period, the discovery of new oil and gas reserves of significant size was disappointing. In addition, political instability and war occurred in geographically important areas for oil production. On the other hand, the gaseous emissions are in question the climate of the planet. In this context, new solutions for the replacement of all oil-related products have been actively sought, while at the same time seeking to monetize waste and waste. To this end, Biomass is the only renewable product capable of serving as a source of raw materials for a wide range of end products. The relevant scientific area in the attempt to transform biomass into end products. At the UC, the most recent topics of conversion of biomass/biomass components into potential products with a market demand will be addressed.

Biomass as a source of raw materials. Role of Biotechnology in its development.
Biomass – availability
Chemical and physical composition of biomass.
Thermal decomposition of biomass: pyrolysis and “syngas” (Gasogen). Association to the Fischer-Tropsch process. Syngas fermentation. Biotechnological possibilities and problems.
Acid/enzymatic decomposition: obtaining sugars. Cellulose. Decomposition. Technical problems. Acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. Natural models: the termite digestive system and ruminants.
Hemicellulose: hydrolysis, uses. Reduction to xylitol. Use and value of xylitols

Biomass as a raw material for obtaining products with higher added value. Degradation of cellulosic wood materials: Saccharification of biomass. Microcrystalline cellulose. Obtaining oligosaccharides. Uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries, among others.
Obtaining cellulases: production and industrial relevance.
Residues and biomass: foods with a high content of polysaccharides, residual wood-cellulosic materials, use of waste: whey. Use of sugar cane (Brazil) and cereals (USA).
Urban waste. Composition. Use as a source of raw materials for fuel production.
Ethanol preparation methods: alcoholic fermentation.
Technology: continuous process, in “batch”. yeasts. Yeast immobilization for continuous processes.
Other fermentations: Production of butanol (ABE), production of biogas.
Lipids: conversion to esters of fatty acids (biodiesel). Preparation methods: esterification and transesterification. Raw material. Waste and oilseeds; problems and associated dimension.
Use of burnt cooking oils and fats. Edible oils. Thermal and oxidative degradation of edible oils.
Algae: macro and microalgae. Obtaining bio products from algae. Alginates and applications.

Biopolymers: Plastic substitute polymers: production of polyhydroxyalkanoates-PHA, polylactic acid (PLA).
Other biopolymers: keratins, chitins and chitosan.
Notion of biocompatibility of materials. Application of biocompatible biopolymers. Bioproducts with interest in biocompatibility modulation. heparin.

Other substances, collagen, hyaluronic acid.

• - Apresentação por parte dos alunos de trabalho em área afim. - 100.0%

• - Apresentação por parte dos alunos de trabalho em área afim. - 100.0%

NAO

ppt presentations provided by the teacher

LA BIOMASA: Fundamentos, Tecnologías y Aplicaciones ;A. Damien. Enc. 2009,

MICROBIOLOGIE ALIMENTAIRE; Coord. C. M. Bourgeois. 2ème ed. Paris: Technique & Documentation, 1996. (Collection Sciences & Techniques Agroalimentaires, 0243-5624. – Vol. 2: Aliments fermentés et fermentations alimentaires
Microbiologia alimentar / Produto fermentado / Fermentação / Q02 / AGRIS CDU: 66

Varejão, J.M.T.B. (2022). Biomass, Bioproducts and Biofuels (1st ed.). CRC Press. Boca Raton, USA.