Industrial Electrical Systems

Not Applicable.

The teaching methodologies, rooted in active and collaborative learning, are structured in a sequence that facilitates the acquisition of fundamental theoretical concepts, the completion of applied exercises, and the analysis of practical case studies.

Theoretical Classes
The lecture-based method, complemented by active learning moments in individual and small-group settings, aims to reinforce conceptual understanding and encourage student engagement. Study visits, guest lectures, or seminars may also be incorporated whenever relevant to the learning objectives of the module.

Theoretical-Practical Classes
In theoretical-practical sessions, students engage in applied exercises and guided reflection activities, consolidating their knowledge through the resolution of technical problems and the analysis of real-world case studies.

Additionally, students will undertake two group assignments, requiring the analysis, development, and presentation of solutions to specific technical challenges. The presentation of findings to peers is designed to stimulate critical discussion and further strengthen the consolidation of acquired knowledge.

• Calculate electrical quantities in alternating current (AC) systems and analyse the results obtained.
• Identify primary energy sources and assess their role in electricity generation, considering both heat generation and the conversion processes between different forms of energy.
• Analyse the structure of electrical networks and explain the potential for the coexistence of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) networks, comparing conversion principles, advantages, and disadvantages, and evaluating their potential impacts on the electrical network.
• Classify and characterise electrical network loads, with a focus on motors and their drive systems.
• Understand the principles of the installation, sizing, and protection of industrial electrical installations, and correlate these principles with protection schemes for both direct and indirect contact.
• Evaluate risks and describe the procedures required for interventions within electrical networks.
• Interpret applicable tariff structures, analyse the components of energy bills, optimise energy costs, and propose strategies for cost reduction through consumption minimisation, with a particular focus on reducing energy consumption.

1. Portuguese Electrical System
– Primary energy sources and conversion processes
– Cogeneration and integration of renewable energy sources
– Transmission, distribution, and utilisation of electrical energy

2. Introduction to the Study of Alternating Current (AC) Electrical Systems
– Characterisation of sinusoidal signals and the Steinmetz transformation
– Analysis of single-phase and three-phase circuits
– Apparent, active, and reactive power in AC systems

3. Electrical Networks
– Transformers and hybrid networks
– Energy conversion
– Configuration and operation of electrical networks

4. Electrical and Electromechanical Loads
– Types of loads and operation of electrical machines
– Induction motors and motion control
– Industrial applications of electromechanical loads

5. Principles of Industrial Electrical Network Design
– Utilisation and simultaneity factors
– Installation methods for electrical networks
– Protection against overcurrent and short-circuit faults

6. Operation of Industrial Electrical Networks
– Electrical hazards and earthing systems
– Protection and safety in electrical installations
– Planning and management of interventions in electrical networks

7. Energy Management in Industry
– Analysis of energy costs and billing
– Energy efficiency strategies and cost reduction
– Implementation of energy management measures

Assessment may be conducted either throughout the semester (periodic/continuous assessment) or through a final exam. All students enrolled in the curricular unit are eligible to participate in partial assessment tests (mid-term exams), provided that the number of unexcused absences from classes (theoretical and theoretical-practical) does not exceed 25% of the total classes effectively taught. Absences incurred by students during academic activities, particularly those of students covered by special regimes, may be justified if they fall within the situations outlined in Article 12 of the "Academic Regulations for the 1st Cycle of Studies of the Coimbra Polytechnic Institute" and other applicable legislation and regulations. Such justified absences will not be counted for the purpose of obtaining attendance in the curricular unit.

Periodic/Continuous Assessment
a) Assignment 1: 15%, no minimum grade required.
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is permitted for research, structuring, and writing the assignment. The use of AI must be explicitly indicated and cited.
b) First Mid-Term Test (Test 1): 35%
- Theoretical Component: 50% (minimum of 25%)
- Theoretical-Practical Component: 50% (minimum of 25%)
The use of AI is not permitted. In the practical component, the use of a calculator and consultation of a formula sheet provided by the lecturer are allowed.
c) Assignment 2: 15%, no minimum grade required.
The use of AI is permitted for research, structuring, and writing the assignment. The use of AI must be explicitly indicated and cited.
d) Second Mid-Term Test (Test 2): 35%
- Theoretical Component: 50% (minimum of 25%)
- Theoretical-Practical Component: 50% (minimum of 25%)
The use of AI is not permitted. In the practical component, the use of a calculator and consultation of a formula sheet provided by the lecturer are allowed.
Final Grade (FG) for Periodic/Continuous Assessment:
FG=0.15×Assignment 1+0.35×Test 1+0.15×Assignment 2+0.35×Test 2

Assessment by Exam
a) Exam - Theoretical Component: 50% (minimum of 25%)
b) Exam - Theoretical-Practical Component: 50% (minimum of 25%)
The use of AI is not permitted. In the practical component, the use of a calculator and consultation of a formula sheet provided by the lecturer are allowed.
Final Grade (FG) for Assessment by Exam:
FG=0.5×Theoretical Exam+0.5×Theoretical-Practical Exam

General Information
Assessment tests are graded on a scale of 0 to 20. To achieve a passing grade, students must obtain a final grade equal to or higher than 9.5, both in periodic/continuous assessment and in assessment by exam.

NAO