Pharmacology II

Anatomophysiology I and II, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Drug Chemistry, Pharmacology I

The content related to Modules 1-5 leverages fundamental knowledge of pharmacological sciences applied

to solving real cases, fostering analytical and critical reasoning in Pharmacology. Module 6 advocates the

objective application of knowledge in more complex situations, developing pharmacological skills in their

practical dimensions and enhancing oral and written communication abilities. The selected teaching

methodologies (TM) combine innovative pedagogical strategies through active, student-centered learning

moments, aiming to promote the trilogy of knowledge in its dimensions: knowing (knowledge), doing (skills),

and being (competencies).

TM1 – Interactive expository teaching using appropriate audiovisual media, with active individual learning

moments focused on solving pharmacological problems to apply knowledge: Mentimeter Platform

(Wordcloud, Q&A, Multiple Choice, Ranking tools)

TM2 – Interactive expository teaching using audiovisual media with active group learning moments focused

on the analysis and discussion of scientific articles in the field to apply knowledge: Jigsaw Activities

TM3 – Interactive expository teaching using audiovisual media with active group learning moments focused

on the analysis and discussion of scientific articles in the field to apply knowledge: Think-Pair-Share

Activities

TM4 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented with the development of analysis and problem-

solving skills in practical cases in clinical trials using available online clinical trial management software

TM5 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented through the group design of a clinical trial protocol

with the identification of the comparator and the establishment of non-inferiority, equivalence, and

superiority studies. The teacher facilitates the learning process through synchronous guidance on the

Jamboard Platform

TM6 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented through the participation of experts in the field in

webinars organized for this purpose

TM7 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented with the conceptualization and development of an

explanatory infographic for each project using the Canva platform

TM8 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented with the group presentation of the developed

project in Pitch format, aiming to gain oral communication skills in pharmacological sciences

By the end of the course unit, students are expected to have developed skills to: C1 – Interpret the mechanisms

of action of pharmacologically active molecules capable of modulating: i) hemostasis, ii) the endocrine

system, iii) the digestive system, iv) antimicrobials, v) antineoplastics. C2 – Contextualize the origin of

adverse effects and drug interactions of the molecules in question, applying systemic thinking algorithms and

recognizing how complex physiological systems are modulated in different domains. C3 – Apply the process

of drug research and development in its clinical phase, selecting appropriate protocols with a focus on the

pharmacological aspect.C4 – Reason analytically and critically, mastering oral and written communication

strategies in pharmacological sciences.

Theoretical Matrix (T)

Module 1. Blood Modifiers (6h T)

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic

considerations of the following pharmacological groups:1.1. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents1.2.

Fibrinolytics1.3. Unfractionated and fractionated heparins1.4. Coumarins1.5. Fibrinolytics1.6. Hemostatic

agents1.7. Anti-anemic agents1.8. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agentsModule 2. Pharmacology of the

Endocrine System (12h)2.1. Review of the endocrine and metabolic systems’ functionsPharmacokinetic and

pharmacodynamic considerations of the following pharmacological groups:2.2. Drugs used in the treatment of

dyslipidemias2.2.1. Nicotinic acid, fibrates, and bile acid sequestrants2.2.2. HMG-CoA reductase

inhibitors2.2.3. PCSK9 inhibitors2.3. Drugs used in glycemic control2.3.1. Insulin therapy2.3.2. Insulin

sensitizers2.3.3. Hypoglycemic agents2.4. Drugs used in thyroid dysfunction2.5. Mineralocorticoids and

vasopressins2.6. Modulators of calcium metabolism and bone remodeling2.7. Hormonal contraception

Module 3. Pharmacology of the Digestive System (6h)

3.1. Review of the histaminergic and muscarinic systems

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations of the following pharmacological groups:

3.2. Proton pump inhibitors

3.3. Muscarinic antagonists

3.4. PG agonists

3.5. Antacids

3.6. Selective H2 antihistamines

3.7. Antiemetics

3.8. Laxatives

3.9. Antidiarrheals

Module 4. Antimicrobials (12h)

4.1. Review of bacterial, viral, and fungal cell determinants

4.2. Definition of concepts: bacteriostatic, bactericidal, spectrum of action, antibiotic sensitivity

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations of the following pharmacological groups:

4.3. Antibacterials

4.3.1. Inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis

4.3.2. Metabolic inhibitors

4.3.3. Protein synthesis inhibitors

4.3.4. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

4.3.5. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance

4.4. Antivirals

4.4.1. Drugs active against DNA viruses

4.4.2. Drugs active against RNA viruses

4.4.3. Drugs active against retroviruses

4.5. Antifungals

4.5.1. Polyenes

4.5.2. Echinocandins

4.5.3. Azoles

4.6. Antihelmintics

Module 5. Antineoplastics (9h)

5.1. Alkylating agents

5.2. Antimetabolites

5.3. Tubulin/topoisomerase modulators

5.4. Immunomodulators

5.5. Resistance mechanisms

Module 6. The Process of Clinical Research and Development (R&D) of Drugs and Health Products in

Pharmacology

6.1. Clinical Trials (14h)

6.1.1. Protocol Design:

6.1.1.1. Phase I Trials: Absolute bioavailability, extrinsic factors, intrinsic factors

6.1.1.2. Phase II Trials

6.1.1.3. Phase III Trials

6.1.1.4. Evaluation and Market Authorization: ICH Guidelines (6h)

6.1.1.5. Post-Marketing Surveillance Studies (4h)

6.2. Establishment of Biomarkers (2h)

6.3. Drug Repositioning (2h)

6.4. Ethical and Regulatory Issues (2h)

Module 7. Assessment of the impact of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics on drug PK/PD (4h)

Module 8. Principles and applications of population pharmacokinetics (6h)

NAO