Base Knowledge
Knowledge of mathematics and physics obtained in the curricular units of the previous semesters.
Teaching Methodologies
Teaching consists of an initial theoretical presentation, followed by practical exercises. The exercises portray real situations, making the pupils familiar with the way fluid mechanics can be applied to the resolution of engineering problems. In the theoretical presentation the expository and inquisitive method is used. In the practical applications a demonstration of the methodologies is first introduced. Then new problems are proposed and students are encouraged to find out the solution. In the laboratorial lessons several assays are carried through, with didactic value, allowing the pupil to relate the theory with the obtained practical results.
Learning Results
The main objective of this course is to provide the basic training in hydraulics (to be complemented in the course unit of General Hydraulics 2) required for the activity of an engineer in planning, design and management of hydraulic systems.
On successful completion of this module, students will have:
– the ability to solve problems in the domain of hydrostatics;
– the ability to analyze design and sizing simple installations with pressure flow, with or without turbomachinery;
– the ability to evaluate the stresses generated by flow in its solid boundaries and their supporting structures or mooring.
Program
1. FLUID PROPERTIES: External forces; Properties involving the mass and weight of fluids; Elasticity; Viscosity; Surface tension; Vapor pressure.
2. FLUID STATICS: Hydrostatic pressure; Pressure variation with elevation; Pressure measurements; Hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surfaces; Buoyancy.
3. FLUID KINEMATICS: Velocity and flow visualization; Flow rate; Types of low; Continuity equation.
4. FLUID DYNAMICS: Bernoulli’s equation; Concept of the hydraulic and energy grade lines; Application of Bernoulli’s equation; Rotation and vorticity; Boundary layer; Separation.
5. MOMENTUN PRINCIPLE: Generalization of the Bernoulli’s equation; Hydraulic power – Pumps and turbines; Applications of the momentum equation – Euler’s equation.
6. FLOW IN PIPES: Shear-stress distribution at the solid boundary; Uniform laminar flows; Resistance laws for turbulent flows; Empirical resistance laws for the turbulent regime.
Curricular Unit Teachers
Joaquim José de Oliveira SousaInternship(s)
NAO
Bibliography
Recommended:
Elger, D.F., LeBret, B.A., Crowe, C.T. & Roberson, J.A., & (2019). Engineering Fluid Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons.
Munson, B.R., Rothmayer, A.P., & Okiishi, T. H. (2012). Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. Wiley.
Marriott, M., Featherstone, R.E., & Nalluri, C. (2016). Nallury & Featherstone’s Civil Engineering Hydraulics. Wiley-Blackwell.
Complementary:
Apontamentos de Hidráulica Geral 1. Pedro N. M. Afonso. ISEC 2022.
Quintela, A.C. (2000). Hidráulica. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Novais-Barbosa, J. (1985). Mecânica dos Fluidos e Hidráulica Geral, Vols. 1 e 2. Porto Editora.
Lencastre, A. (2005). Hidráulica Geral. Hidroprojecto.
Massey, B.S. (2002) Mecânica dos Fluidos. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Oliveira, L. A., & Lopes, A. G. (2016). Mecânica dos Fluidos. Edições Técnicas e Profissionais.
Çengel, Y. A., & Cimbala, J. M. (2015). Mecânica dos Fluidos: Fundamentos e Aplicações. McGraw-Hill.