Teaching Methodologies
The teaching methodology used is theoretical-practical and interactive. The program contents are taught through a theoretical exposition accompanied by the presentation of a set of slides prepared by the teacher and made available to students. During the theoretical exposition, student participation is encouraged by asking questions, with the aim of increasing interaction and stimulating reasoning and critical thinking. This theoretical exposition is also accompanied by the discussion and resolution of practical examples, in order to capture students’ constant interest in the subject taught. It is intended that, for each topic of the program, a theoretical presentation will be made, illustrated with examples of practical application. In the following classes, and with the teacher’s supervision, students solve several practical cases, with an increasing degree of difficulty. The aim of this methodology is the progressive internalization of the subjects taught and the consolidation of knowledge throughout the semester. Students are encouraged to actively participate in solving practical cases, either individually or in small groups, which is very important because it allows them to put theoretical concepts into practice and thus understand the importance of theory. Students are constantly encouraged to study from books and consider slides only as an aid to the material taught.
Learning Results
The course unit has the following Learning Outcomes (LOs):
LO1 – Understand financial accounting as an information system that supports management and decision-making.
LO2 – Understand the fundamental concepts of the accounting model, the structure of the statement of financial position, and the framework of the Portuguese Accounting Standardisation System.
LO3 – Apply the accounting method to the recognition and measurement of routine transactions relating to cash and cash equivalents, receivables and payables, and inventories.
LO4 – Apply the accounting treatment of Value Added Tax (VAT) and transactions relating to payroll processing, including the corresponding statutory charges.
LO5 – Prepare and interpret the Statement of Financial Position and the Income Statement by Nature arising from the transactions studied (routine transactions).
The competencies (C) to be developed by students are as follows:
C1 – Identify the elements of the Statement of Financial Position and the components of the basic financial statements.
C2 – Understand and apply the double-entry bookkeeping method in recording accounting transactions.
C3 – Recognise and measure transactions relating to cash and cash equivalents, receivables and payables, and inventories.
C4 – Understand the accounting treatment of VAT and payroll processing, including the related statutory charges and tax withholdings.
C5 – Prepare and interpret the Statement of Financial Position and the Income Statement by Nature, analysing the effects of routine transactions on the entity’s financial position and performance.
C6 – Ethics, academic integrity, and digital responsibility: the ability to use digital sources, data, and tools, including AI, in a transparent, critical, and responsible manner.
Program
P1 – Introduction, fundamental concepts and the accounting method
P2 – Accounting harmonisation and accounting standardisation
P3 – Class 1 – Cash and cash equivalents
P4 – Class 2 – Receivables and payables
4.1 Customers (Account 21)
4.2 Suppliers (Account 22)
4.3 Employees (Account 23)
4.4 State and other public entities (Account 24 – VAT and Personal Income Tax (IRS) withholding tax)
4.5 Borrowings for routine operations (Account 25 – short-term bank loans)
4.6 Other receivables and payables (Account 278)
4.7 Accruals and deferrals (Accounts 272 and 28)
P5 – Class 3 – Inventories and biological assets
5.1 Perpetual and periodic inventory systems
5.2 Costing systems
5.3 Inventory adjustments
P6 – Value Added Tax (VAT) on routine transactions
6.1 Purchases and sales of inventories
6.2 Provision of services
6.3 Acquisition of other goods and services for routine operations
P7 – Employee expenses
7.1 Payroll processing, social security contributions and Personal Income Tax (IRS) withholdings
7.2 Accounting recognition of employee remuneration
P8 – Statement of Financial Position and Income Statement
8.1 Preparation of the Statement of Financial Position
8.2 Preparation of the Income Statement by Nature
Curricular Unit Teachers
Cristina Maria Gabriel Gonçalves GóisMaria de Fátima Rodrigues Cravo
Internship(s)
NAO
Bibliography
Borges, A., Rodrigues, A., e Rodrigues, R. (2021). Elementos de Contabilidade Geral (27.ª ed.). Lisboa: Áreas Editora.
Costa, C. B., e Alves, G. C. (2021). Contabilidade Financeira (10.ª ed.) Lisboa: Rei dos Livros.
Gonçalves, C., Santos, D., Rodrigo, J., e Fernandes, S. (2020). Contabilidade Financeira Explicada – Manual Prático (4.ª ed.). Porto: Vida Económica.
Monteiro, S. (2013). Manual de Contabilidade Financeira. Porto: Vida Económica.
Moreira, J. A. (2019). Contabilidade – Da Preparação à Interpretação da Informação Financeira. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.
Rocha, D., Azevedo, G., e Rodrigues, A. M. (2016). Contabilidade para Todos – Iniciação à Contabilidade (2.ª ed.). Coimbra: Almedina.
Legislação e NCRF.
Sistema de Normalização Contabilística (SNC).