Presentation of Accounts and Financial Report

CB1. Proficiency of Double-Entry Bookkeeping Principles (Financial Accounting)

CB2. Knowledge of Accounting Standards and Financial Reporting Frameworks

The teaching methodology is based on a student-centered approach, structured as follows:

• TM1. Interactive Theoretical-Practical Lectures: Teacher-led sessions for the delivery of key concepts on equity operations and reporting standards (NCRF). It includes oral exposition by the teacher alternated with targeted questions to students to encourage debate.
• TM2. Problem-Solving and Exercises: Practical application of theoretical concepts through in-class resolution of cases, focusing on corporate operations, profit distribution, and the preparation of financial statements.
• TM3. Active Learning Activities (with/without AI): Research and analysis tasks (e.g., analyzing real corporate reports). In these activities, the use of AI as a support tool may be permitted (level 2 – writing and drafting support), provided it is accompanied by a student statement of critical intervention.
• TM4. Student Oral Presentation and Defense: Sessions dedicated to individual presentations of topics or case resolutions. This method aims to ensure the acquisition of technical communication skills and critical defense of accounting choices, serving as a mandatory component to validate learning.

The course Financial Reporting and Accountability has the following Learning Outcomes (LOs):

LO1 – Understand the main components of equity and the transactions affecting it.

LO2 – Distinguish between accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates, and errors, and identify their effects on accounting procedures.

LO3 – Apply the recognition, measurement, and disclosure criteria relating to provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets, and events after the reporting date.

LO4 – Prepare and interpret a complete set of financial statements, particularly the Statement of Changes in Equity, the Statement of Cash Flows, and the Notes to the Financial Statements.

LO5 – Understand the financial reporting and accountability process, the applicable legal requirements, and the evolution of corporate reporting, including non-financial and sustainability reporting.

LO6 – Understand the relationship between accounting profit, distributable profit, and taxable profit, identifying the main differences between them.

The competencies (C) to be developed by students are as follows:

CD1 – Technical Competence: Ability to record complex corporate transactions and ensure compliance with the applicable accounting standards.

CD2 – Critical Thinking: Ability to evaluate the impact of changes in accounting policies, accounting errors, and events after the reporting date on an entity’s financial position.

CD3 – Communication: Ability to present and justify, both orally and in writing, technical decisions regarding an entity’s financial reporting and accountability.

CD4 – Responsibility: Ability to act ethically and responsibly in the preparation and reporting of corporate financial information.

P1 – Equity Transactions

1.1. Legal and Accounting Framework

1.2. Changes in share capital – capital increases and treasury shares

1.3. Appropriation of Profit – Corporate and Accounting Aspects

1.4. Revaluation of Non-Current Assets

P2 – Accounting Policies, Changes in Estimates, and Errors.

2.1 Changes in Accounting Policies.

2.2 Changes in Accounting Estimates.

2.3 Prior-Period Errors.

P3 – Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, and Contingent Assets

3.1 Recognition and Measurement of Provisions

3.2 Disclosure of Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

P4 – Events After the Balance Sheet Date

4.1 Events Giving Rise to Adjustments

4.2 Events Not Giving Rise to Adjustments

P5 – Statement of Changes in Equity

5.1. Objectives and Structure

5.2. Preparation and Interpretation

P6 – Statement of Cash Flows

6.1. Objectives and Structure

6.2. Preparation and Interpretation

P7 – Financial Reporting and Accountability

7.1- Legal obligation to prepare and present financial statements.
7.2- Financial reporting documents.
7.3- Corporate reporting and its evolution.

P8 – Non-Financial Reporting

8.1. Sustainability Reporting

8.2. Corporate Governance

P9 – From Financial Reporting to Tax Reporting

9.1. From Accounting Profit to Distributable Profit

9.2. From Accounting Profit to Taxable Income – Deferred Taxes

Students may choose one of two assessment methods:

A) CONTINUOUS/PERIODIC ASSESSMENT

This assessment method requires a minimum attendance rate of 75% and consists of the following components:

MA1. Individual Midterm Test 1 (25%) Closed-book written test covering the first half of the course content.
AI Policy: Level 0 (Not permitted).

MA2. Individual Midterm Test 2 (25%) Closed-book written test covering the remaining course content.
AI Policy: Level 0 (Not permitted).

MA3. Group Assignment and Oral Defence (20%)
Completed in groups of two or three students, focusing on the analysis of an accounting standard (NCRF) and the development of practical case studies related to that standard.
AI Policy: Level 2 permitted (AI may be used as a tool to support research and the structuring of examples). Submission of a declaration listing the prompts used is mandatory.
Oral Component: Individual presentation and defence of the group's work (mandatory to validate the group mark).

MA4. Development/Solution of Practical Exercises and Presentation (10%)
Completed in groups of two or three students. Students will solve practical accounting cases in class and subsequently present and explain the related accounting entries to their classmates.
AI Policy: Level 2 permitted (AI may be used as a tool to support research and the structuring of examples). Submission of a declaration listing the prompts used is mandatory.
Oral Component: Individual presentation and defence of the group's work (mandatory to validate the group mark).

MA5. Individual "Question of the Class" Activities (20%)
Short-answer questions completed individually at unannounced times throughout the semester.
AI Policy: Level 0 (Not permitted).

Final Grade (FG): Students pass the course with a Final Grade ≥ 9.5

Final Grade Formula:

FG = 0.25 × MA1 + 0.25 × MA2 + 0.20 × MA3 + 0.10 × MA4 + 0.20 × MA5

Working Student Status: Students with officially recognised Working Student status are exempt from the attendance requirement for MA3 and MA4. The group assignment may be replaced by an individual project, followed by a compulsory individual oral defence.

B) FINAL EXAM ASSESSMENT

This assessment method is intended for students who do not choose continuous assessment or who do not successfully complete it.

MA6. Final Written Examination (100%)
Comprehensive written examination covering the entire course syllabus.
AI Policy: Level 0 (Not permitted).

In cases of suspected or confirmed academic misconduct (attempted or completed), and in any assessment period, the student may be required to undertake an oral examination replacing or supplementing the written assessment in order to obtain approval in the course.

NAO