Accounting and Financial Reporting

Logical reasoning and reading comprehension.

Basic concepts of economic, financial, and business activity.

The teaching methodology is based on a student-centered approach, structured around the following methods:

TM1. Interactive Lecture / Discussion: Faculty-led sessions to deliver fundamental concepts on capital transactions and reporting standards (NCRF). Includes moments of oral exposition by the teacher alternated with targeted questions to students to encourage debate.

TM2. Problem-Solving and Exercises: Practical application of theoretical concepts through problem-solving in class, focusing on recording business transactions and preparing financial statements.

TM3. Active Learning Activities (with/without AI): Research activities to create and solve case studies. This method aims to ensure the acquisition of technical communication skills and critical defense of accounting choices, serving as a mandatory component to validate learning.

In these activities, the use of AI as a support tool (Level 2 – drafting and writing support) may be permitted, provided it is accompanied by a student statement of critical intervention.

The course unit has the following learning objectives:

LO1: Understand the usefulness of financial information.

LO2: Understand fundamental accounting concepts.

LO3: Understand the accounting process of transaction recording.

LO4: Know how to interpret the main financial statements.

The competencies to be developed by the students are as follows:

C1: Understand the financial information production process.

C2: Evaluate the impact of different transactions on the results and equity of entities.

C3: Distinguish the objective of financial statements.

C4: Know the financial reporting / accountability process.

S1. Accounting as an Information System

1.1 Objectives of accounting

1.2 Preparers and users of information

1.3 Fundamental accounting concepts

1.4 Operating and financial cycles

1.5 Financial statements

S2. From Transactions to Financial Statements

2.1 Transactions and economic activities

2.2 Underlying assumptions of financial statements

2.3 Impact of transactions on the different financial statements

2.4 Links between financial statements

S3. Main Transactions / Areas of Financial Statements

3.1 Sales, purchases, and inventories

3.2 Personnel expenses

3.3 Tangible fixed assets

S4. Preparation of Financial Statements for Reporting

4.1 Phases of accounting work

4.2 Year-end adjustments

4.3 Preparation of the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement

Students can choose one of two assessment regimes:

A) CONTINUOUS / PERIODIC ASSESSMENT

This modality requires a minimum attendance rate of 75% and is based on the following components:

AM1. 1st Individual Test (30%): Closed-book written exam covering the first half of the syllabus.

AM2. 2nd Individual Test (30%): Closed-book written exam covering the remaining syllabus.

AM3. Exercise Creation/Resolution and Oral Presentation (20%): Group work (2 or 3 students) involving the presentation and resolution of case studies in class, including an oral presentation and explanation of journal entries to peers.

AI Guideline: Level 2 is permitted (AI as a support tool for research and structuring examples). Submission of the prompts declaration is mandatory.

Oral Component: Individual presentation and defense of the created cases and their resolution (mandatory to validate the group grade).

· AM4. Individual In-Class Quizzes (20%): Short-answer questions administered at unannounced times during the semester.

Final Grade (FG) Formula: Passing requires FG ≥ 9.5 out of 20.

{FG} = 0,3 x AM1 + 0,3 x AM2 + 0,2 x AM3+ 0,2 x AM4

Working-Student Status (TE): Exempt from mandatory attendance in AM3. Exercise creation/resolution and oral presentation may be replaced by an individual project, and its respective individual oral defense is mandatory.

B) ASSESSMENT BY FINAL EXAM

Intended for students who do not opt for continuous assessment or do not pass it.

AM5. Final Written Exam (100%): Comprehensive exam covering the entire syllabus.

In cases of suspected or committed academic fraud during any assessment period, the student may be required to take a substitute or oral exam in addition to the written test to pass the course unit.

NAO