Pharmacognosy

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Theoretical and Theoretical-Practical Component (T and TP):
Lectures supported by audiovisual materials. Analysis and discussion of scientific articles to consolidate the
knowledge acquired.
Practical Component (P):
Laboratory-based component focused on methodologies for the extraction, identification, and chemical
characterisation of pharmacologically active compounds.

By the end of the course unit, students are expected to be able to identify, characterise, and analyse natural
raw materials and bioactive compounds.

Theoretical Component:
Identify the main groups of bioactive compounds of natural origin, their medicinal plants, and
pharmaceutical applications;
Understand the principles underlying the main methods for the extraction, identification, and analysis of
natural compounds;
Recognise the main plant-derived raw materials used in Pharmacy, including their composition, properties,
and quality control.

Theoretical-Practical Component:
Interpret and analyse experimental results, relating them to the chemical composition and biological activity
of natural products;
Analyse and critically discuss scientific articles, evaluating extraction, identification, and quantification
methodologies, as well as the results obtained.

Practical Component:
Apply laboratory techniques for the identification and quality control of bioactive compounds of natural
origin;
Develop practical skills in the execution and interpretation of laboratory procedures in Pharmacognosy.

. Theoretical and Theoretical-Practical Component:
1. Pharmacognosy as a multidisciplinary science
2.Phytochemical analysis, pharmacological effects, toxicological profile, and monographic study of
medicinal plants and/or raw materials containing:
I. Monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and polyuronides (e.g., honey)

II. Lipids (e.g., lanolin)
III. Aromatic compounds (e.g., essential oils)
IV. Alkaloids (e.g., Atropa belladonna L., Papaver somniferum L.)
V. Anthracene glycosides (e.g., Senna alexandrina L.)
VI. Cardiac glycosides (e.g., Digitalis purpurea L.)
VII. Saponins (e.g., Ginkgo biloba L.)
VIII. Phenolic compounds (e.g., Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
· Practical Component:
Methods for the extraction and qualitative/quantitative analysis of drugs and raw materials:
I. Determination of reducing sugars in honey.
II. Determination of acid, peroxide, iodine, and saponification values.
III. General alkaloid reagents; extraction and quantification of alkaloids.
IV. Bornträger reaction.
V. Characteristic reactions for cardiac glycosides.
VI. Determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity.

• Continuous Assessment - final grade obtained through the weighted average of the assessment
  components of the T/TP and P components:
  · Theoretical Component (T) (14 points): One theoretical test during the teaching period, with a
  minimum grade of 9.5/20 required for approval;
  · Theoretical-Practical Component (TP) (1 point): Preparation of one monograph on a medicinal plant;
  · Practical Component (P) (5 points): Continuous assessment and one practical laboratory assessment,
  with a minimum grade of 9.5/20 required for approval.
• Written Examination - final grade obtained through the weighted average of the assessment components
  of the T/TP and P components:
  - Regular Exam Period, Resit Exam Period, Special Exam Period:
  Written assessment of the T and TP components (15 points) and practical laboratory assessment of the P
  component (5 points). A minimum grade of 9.5/20 is required in all assessment components.

Assessment will be conducted in accordance with the academic regulations in force.

NAO