Program
1 – Pre-Analytical Fundamentals and Biosafety
1.1 Pre-Analytical Phase (theory)
– Importance of the pre-analytical phase in the laboratory cycle.
– Sample types and specific requirements (blood, urine, feces, cytology, biopsies).
– Critical pre-analytical errors in AC and AP.
– Acceptance and rejection criteria.
1.2 Biosafety and Laboratory Risks
– Biosafety levels (BSL1–BSL3).
– Specific PPE and EPC for Clinical Analyses and Anatomical Pathology.
– Risks associated with blood, sterile fluids, formalin, and solvents.
– Waste and spill management.
– Post-exposure procedures.
2 – Sample Collection and Preparation
2.1 Blood and Non-Blood Sample Collection
– Venipuncture and capillary blood collection techniques.
– Tubes, anticoagulants, and order of draw.
– Factors affecting results (fasting, drugs, hemolysis, posture, tourniquet).
– Urine (midstream, 24h), stool, swabs, cavity fluids, CSF.
– Identification, labeling, and traceability.
2.2 Microbiological Samples
– Collection requirements: respiratory and genital swabs.
– Transport media and stability.
– Rejection criteria for poor collection.
2.3 Pathological Anatomy: Biopsies and Cytologies
– Types of specimens: biopsies, surgical specimens, liquid cytology.
– Formalin fixation: volume, time, container, and transport.
– Preservation and chain of custody. Specific pre-analytical errors (poor fixation, dehydration, delayed transport).
3 – Pre-Analytical Processing and Evaluation
3.1 Laboratory Processing
– Centrifugation: g-force, time, temperature.
– Serum/plasma separation and common errors.
– Storage and internal transport.
– Integration with LIS (Laboratory Information System).
3.2 Practical Cases + Evaluation
– Complete simulation of the pre-analytical process.
– Identification and resolution of non-conformities.
– Final practical and theoretical evaluation.
Internship(s)
NAO