Geotechnics

As this is the first course in the Geotechnics and Foundations programme, no specific knowledge is recommended beyond a command of basic mathematics and physics concepts.

In theoretical-practical classes, the expository and inquisitive method is used during the explanation of theoretical subjects, and exercises are solved in groups and individually.

In laboratory classes, students must carry out tests following Portuguese and European standards, interpret test results, and prepare test reports in advance.

In orientation classes, students are supported through clarification of doubts, resolution of exercises, and guidance in processing test results. Study visits will be organised whenever possible.

Objectives: Identification of the most common types of soils and rocks. Laboratory determination of basic physical indices and soil classification tests. Main methods of reconnaissance and prospecting of rock masses.

Generic Skills: Ability to comprehend, analyse and synthesise. Application of knowledge to problem solving, individually and in groups.

Specific Competencies: Mastery of theoretical and practical concepts of Engineering Geology, Soil Mechanics and Rock Mechanics and their application in solving problems in structures and geotechnical works.

Theoretical programme

1. Analysis and classification of rocks. Classification. Portuguese lithology. Weathering. Soil formation. Alterability. Alteration: descriptive methods, mechanical methods (RQD), etc. Discontinuities. Soil/rock distinction. Geomechanical parameters. Massifs.

2. Soil analysis and classification. Three-phase system; physical indices. Granulometric analysis. Plasticity and consistency limits. Classifications: Unified and road.

3. Reconnaissance and prospecting. Existing information. Photo interpretation. Remote sensing. Surface reconnaissance. Plan. Mechanical methods: Soundings. Trenches, galleries and wells. Sample collection. Geophysical methods. Seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, magnetic and gravimetric methods. Cross-hole. Seismic tomography.

Laboratory Programme

1. Observation and identification of rocks;

2. Tests (groups of students): water content (NP-84 and Speedy), solid particle density, sand bottle and extractor, granulometric analysis, consistency limits;

3. Geological maps.

Students may choose between continuous assessment before the Christmas holidays or an exam during the scheduled exam periods.

Option 1

Continuous assessment before the Christmas holidays

• 1 group portfolio with partial results of tests carried out during classes and a description of the procedures performed (PG).
• 1 individual portfolio with answers to the compulsory questions proposed for assessment (PI).
• 1 final report on the proposed soil classification (RC).
• 1 assessment scheduled for the last TP class of the semester (FA).

The final grade (CF) is obtained through:

• CF = 60% FA + 15% PI+ 5% PG + 20% RC

Option 2

Continuous assessment with a final exam

• 1 group portfolio with partial results of tests carried out during classes and description of the procedures performed (PG).
• 1 final report on the proposed soil classification (RC).
• 1 final exam on the day scheduled for the normal exam period (EF).

Final classification (CF) is obtained through:

• CF = 75% EF + 5% PG + 20% RC

Admissibility conditions

Completion of the group portfolio and final classification report is mandatory.

Access to regular assessment and examination

1. Access to the frequency is free. However, students are recommended to have their complete individual portfolio.
2. Only students who did not attend the assessment (whether or not they answered all the questions in their individual portfolio) may take the regular examination.

Access to the 2nd call exam

1. All students who did not attend the normal exam
2. Students who wish to improve the FA or EF component of their final grade.
3. The admissibility conditions are maintained.

Academic fraud

The regulation of the 1st Cycle Academic Regulations and the IPC Student Disciplinary Statute will be applied.

NAO