Análise de Sistemas Elétricos

Per unit system (p.u.). Power Flow Analysis: bus admittance matrix, active and reactive power flow balance equations, Newton-Raphson method, Fast Decoupled Power Flow (FDPF) method, DC power flow method.

The teaching methodologies are grounded in Project-Based Learning (PBL), which encourages active, collaborative, and self-directed learning. Students first acquire the fundamental theoretical concepts and subsequently apply them in the development of projects aligned with professional practice. Through this process, they develop the technical competences associated with the intended learning outcomes of the course unit, while also cultivating essential skills such as critical thinking, creativity, and teamwork.

Goals
The main aims of this course unit are:
– to model major types of components used in electrical power systems;
– to analysis fault conditions including both balanced and unbalanced faults;
– to understand the use of sequence networks in the analysis of faults and unbalanced power system operation;
– to evaluate the electric power system dynamics and its stability;
– to acquire knowledge to analyse the security of an electrical power system and propose/implement measures to improve it;
– to understand the basics of power system protection systems.

Skills
At the end of this course unit the learner is expected to be able:
– to know the characteristics and behaviour of an electric power system;
– to understand and apply the techniques required to analyse the effects of short-circuits in an electric power system;
– to manage, design, implement and maintain electrical power systems;
– to design and conduct experiments and to analyse and interpret data;
– to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems;
– to communicate in a professional and technical manner, both in written and oral form, the subjects related to this course.

Program Contents

1. Short-circuit Analysis
– Introduction
– Symmetrical Fault Analysis
– Electrical Power System Models: Generators, Transformers, Lines and Loads
– Short-circuit Capacity
– Algorithm for Short Circuit Studies
– Bus Impedance Matrix Formulation
– Systematic Fault Analysis using Bus Impedance Matrix
– Symmetrical Components
– Sequence Impedances of Generators, Transformers, Transmission Lines and Loads
– Construction of Sequence Networks of a Power System
– Methods for measurement of symmetrical components
– Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis
– Symmetrical Component Analysis of Unsymmetrical Faults: Single Line-To-Ground (LG) Fault, Line-To-Line (LL) Fault, Double Line-To-Ground (LLG) Fault
– Bus Impedance Matrix Method for Analysis of Unsymmetrical Shunt Faults
– Limitation of short circuit currents

2. Power Systems Security Analysis
– Introduction
– An Overview of Security Analysis, Factors Affecting Power System Security, Detection of Network Problems
– Contingency Analysis: Linear Sensitivity Factors, Calculation of Network Sensitivity Factors, AC Power Flow Methods, Contingency Selection

3. Power System Stability
– Introduction
– Dynamics of a Synchronous Machine
– Steady-State Stability
– Transient Stability: Equal Area Criterion, Numerical Solution of Swing Equation, Multimachine Stability, Some Factors Affecting Transient Stability
– Voltage Stability

4. Power System Protection
– Protection concepts
– Protective devices and controls, Transmission protection, Apparatus protection
– System aspects of protective systems

5. Introduction to SCADA and Control Centres, EMS/DMS, importance and functions

NAO