Base Knowledge
Fundamental knowledge of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics.
Teaching Methodologies
Theoretical: Lectures – Presentation of the syllabus by audiovisual means. Theoretical-Practical: Problem solving under guidance of the instructor for each of the curricular unit components. An additional set of problems is also provided to the students in order to support the individual study hours. Evaluation: Each component of the course has a score of 10 points. In each part, students who obtain a minimum of 50% of the grade will not need to repeat that component in the following exams during the academic year in progress. Final approval is obtained with a passing grade in each component.
Video, audio and photographic recordings are not permitted during classes.
Learning Results
HYDRAULIC MACHINES – Provide a large perspective of the various types of hydraulic machines/turbomachines (pumps, fans and turbines). – Learn the theoretical fundamentals necessary to characterize the studied machines in order to describe their working principles; – Define the guiding parameters of selection; – Identify the main fields of application of the different types of pumps, fans and turbines.
THERMAL MACHINES Acquire knowledge in the areas of the production, transport and use of thermal energy, particularly in the following subjects: – heat exchangers (types, main constitution and accessories, calorific power and efficiency, selection and application of heat exchangers) – types and characteristics of fuels (analysis, calculation and combustion graphs) – boilers (classification, constitution and manufacturing processes, different types of boilers, equipment and accessories for boilers, thermal balance and efficiency calculations).
Program
HYDRAULIC MACHINES 1. Classification. 2. Dimensional Analysis. Similarity theory and Buckingham Theorem. Non-dimensional coefficients. 3. Global efficiency of pumps and turbines. Specific speed. Standard machines. Definition of the geometry. Characteristic curves. 4. Cavitation. Net positive suction head (NPSH). Cavitation effects: destructive effects and changes in the flow pattern. Ways to avoid cavitation. 5. Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines. Pumps and fans.
THERMAL MACHINES 1. Heat Exchangers: Types, constitution, calorific power, efficiency. Selection. 2. Combustion: Complete, incomplete and stoichiometric combustion. Types of fuels. Combustion calculations and combustion analysis. Combustion analysis graphs. 3. Boilers: Classification and types. Boiler components. Combustion systems. Boiler accessories and fittings. Energy losses and boiler efficiency. 4. Thermal Balance: Mass and energy balances of thermal equipments and systems. Efficiency.
Curricular Unit Teachers
Avelino Virgilio Fernandes Monteiro OliveiraGrading Methods
The student has to perform a written exam in a formal evaluation period. Each written test has two parts, one for each of the main components of the curricular unit (Hydraulic Machines and Thermal Machines). Each component has a quotation of 10 points. Students who obtain a minimum of 50% of the quotation in any component of the discipline are exempt from repeating that component in subsequent exams. Final approval depends on an arithmetic average between the two components of the UC equal to or greater than 9.5 values, requiring, however, a minimum classification of 7.5 values in one of the components.
Exams carried out outside the formal assessment periods (Normal, Appeal and Special periods) may take the form of an oral exam.
The assessment methodology covers all students enrolled in the Curricular Unit, regardless of their status.
In the theoretical part of the exam, it is not permitted to consult any elements. In the theoretical-practical part, consultation of tables, diagrams and the technical form that will be placed in the Curricular Unit "InforEstudante" platform is authorized (it is not permitted to include additional notes in these consultation elements, which must faithfully respect the original versions); only scientific calculating machines can be used.
According to point 11 of Article 31 of the Academic Regulation for the 1st Cycle of Studies at IPC, “the possession of items that could allow or facilitate the commission of fraud is not permitted during academic tests or other assessment activities, including mobile phones, laptops, smartwatches, tablets, written texts, books, notes, or any other equivalent items, as well as any other communication, computing, or storage devices. Additionally, according to point 1 of Article 31-A of the aforementioned Regulation, “The practice of fraudulent acts, detected in flagrante delicto or during the correction process, implies the annulment of the test, without prejudice to subsequent disciplinary and criminal proceedings.” In case of academic fraud, Article 31-A of the Academic Regulations for the 1st Cycle of Studies at IPC applies.
Internship(s)
NAO
Bibliography
Recommended Bibliography:
– Grade, A. M. (2007). Apontamentos Teóricos de Máquinas Térmicas. ISEC, Coimbra. In portuguese.
– Mendes, J. C. A. F. (2005). Apontamentos Teóricos de Máquinas Hidráulicas. ISEC, Coimbra. In portuguese.
– Oliveira, A. V. M. (2017). Máquinas Hidráulicas – Análise Dimensional, Teorema de Buckingham, Teoria da Semelhança: Texto de Estudo Complementar. ISEC, Coimbra. In portuguese.
– Oliveira, A. V. M. (2020). Máquinas Térmicas e Hidráulicas: Diapositivos das Aulas Teóricas, ISEC, Coimbra
– Pais, M. L. (2024). Apontamentos Práticos de Máquinas Térmicas, ISEC, Coimbra. In portuguese.
– Oliveira, A. V. M., Mendes, J. C. A. F. (2016). Máquinas Térmicas e Hidráulicas: Caderno de Problemas. ISEC, Coimbra. In portuguese.
– Páscoa, J.C. (2017). Turbomáquinas: Uma Abordagem Moderna. Publindústria. ISBN: 9789897232411. In portuguese.
– Quintela, A. C. (1981). Hidráulica. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa. In portuguese.
Additional Bibliography:
– Glassman, I. (1996). Combustion. Academic Press. 3ª Ed., ISBN: 0122858522
– Henriques, A. G. (2016). Barragens, Sociedade e Ambiente. Esfera do Caos, ISBN: 978-989-
– Kakac, S., LIU, H. & Kakac, S. (2002). Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating and Thermal Design. 2ª Ed., CRC Press, ISBN: 0849309026
– Kitto, J.B., Rahn, C.H. & Stultz, S.C. (1992). Steam, Its Generation and Use. Babcock & Wilcox Co, 40ª Ed., ISBN: 0963457004
– Kohan, A. L. (1997). Boiler Operator’s Guide. McGraw-Hill Professional, 4ª Ed., ISBN: 0070365741
– Oliveira, L. A., Lopes, A. G. (2020). Mecânica dos Fluidos. Lidel, 6ª Edição, 2020. ISBN: 978-989- 752-492-9. In portuguese.
– Pereira, A. C. S. (2024). Análise Numérica do Escoamento Bidirecional Numa Válvula Borboleta, Incluindo a Avaliação Técnico-Económica da Sua Adaptação. Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica na Especialidade de Energia e Ambiente, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra. (in portuguese)
– Ramesh, K. S., Sekulic, D. P. (2002). Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design. Wiley, ISBN: 0471321710
– Raznjevic, K. (1995). Handbook of Thermodynamic Tables. Begell House, Inc., 2ª Rev. Ed., ISBN: 1567000460
– Walker, G. (1990). Industrial Heat Exchangers: A Basic Guide. John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2ª Ed., ISBN: 0891162305
680-172-4. In portuguese.
Gates, B. (2021). How to avoid a climate disaster. Porto Editora. ISBN: 978-989-740-101-5 (in Portuguese).