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In class, the interactive expository method is predominantly used in the teaching/learning process of fundamental knowledge about technical drawing. This is complemented by exercises on the topics taught, with discussion of the solutions with the students.
The content requires precision, terminological consistency, and rigorous visual demonstration, and is therefore especially well conveyed through a structured expository method, where conceptual rigor can be guaranteed from the beginning, standardized examples can be presented, and ambiguous interpretations can be avoided.
In a domain as standardized as technical drawing, an expository basis ensures that the entire class starts with the same correct fundamentals.
The expository method reduces the initial cognitive load. Engineering students, especially in their early years, often face difficulties in structuring information. The expository method, when well segmented, helps to introduce concepts sequentially, break down spatial reasoning, and provide guided examples before more autonomous practice. Thus, cognitive overload is reduced, facilitating subsequent learning through exercises.
Problem-solving after theoretical explanation allows students to apply the knowledge acquired, find gaps in their learning, and clarify any doubts that arise, verifying and consolidating their knowledge. This combination is highly effective in the transfer and retention of knowledge. The exercises in this curricular unit are initially carried out using the traditional method of rigorous hand drawing, allowing the learning of the fundamentals, and later on a computer with 2D CAD software, focusing here on how these programs work and are used.
In carrying out exercises, collective discussion reinforces generic skills and promotes critical thinking. Its objectives include: promoting the exchange of ideas, developing technical discussion, fostering self-learning, encouraging organization and reflection. The discussion after the exercises allows: comparing different solutions to the same problem, justifying choices of views, cuts, dimensions, evaluating alternatives and common errors, promoting critical thinking about standards, solutions or design strategies.
Here, the teacher acts as a facilitator, guiding the class to build technical reasoning collaboratively.
The method is suitable for higher education in engineering because in higher education, especially in engineering, the interactive expository method with discussion allows for a structured presentation of fundamental knowledge of increasing complexity, rigorous technical demonstration, practical contextualization, and preparation for subsequent learning, correcting errors before they become habits. This is crucial in disciplines where an initial conceptual error can compromise future skills, as is the case with orthogonal projections in multiple views and perspectives.

Objectives: To provide fundamental concepts that allow students to interpret and create technical drawings and diagrams, in orthogonal projections and perspectives, with knowledge of the main international standards associated with Technical Drawing. To know how to use 2D computer drawing programs in drawing views.
General skills: To promote the exchange of ideas and discussion of problems and solutions; To develop self-learning and organizational habits.
The face-to-face expository method is used, complemented by exercises on the subjects taught, with discussion of the solutions with the students.
The combination of these teaching methods is appropriate in this 1st year unit of a higher engineering course because it allows the concepts of technical drawing to be transmitted rigorously, in a structured and progressive way, essential to guarantee a solid common base, without ambiguities, strengthening the specific and general skills necessary in engineering.

1. Basic Concepts.
Introduction to Drawing. Technical Drawing as a universal communication language. Technical drawing standards. Types of lines. Drawing sheets. Margins and Borders. Title blocks. Parts list (Bill of Materials). Scales.
2. Orthogonal Projections.
European and American methods. Selection of views. Auxiliary, partial, offset, and local views.
3. Cuts and Sections.
Conventional interpretation. Cutting planes. Special cuts. Partial cuts. Elements that are not cut. Sections.
4. Dimensioning.
Elements of dimensioning. Dimensioning criteria.
5. Assembly drawing. Dimensional and geometric tolerancing. Surface finish.
6. Perspectives.
Types of perspectives. Drawing isometric perspectives. Drawing the isometric perspective of a circle.
7. 2D CAD Systems. User interface. Creating and editing entities. Layers. Blocks. Attributes and external file references. Dimensioning. Cutting lines.

• - Tests (2) or Exam - 100.0%

NAO