Veículos Híbridos e Elétricos

Electrical circuits.

The teaching methodology consists of:

In-person theoretical classes, with slideshows (PowerPoint and others) on the topics covered and discussion.

Theoretical and practical classes with exercises and practical examples in the workplace.

Practical classes with group works.

» Identify and analyze the components of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles;

» Understand the theoretical and practical aspects of various electric and hybrid technology solutions;

» Understand European legislation regarding hybrid and electric vehicles;

» Repair and replace damaged components;

» Identify and characterize emerging technologies in the sector;

» Relate design to vehicle performance, marketing, and safety.

1-FUNDAMENTALS AND AVAILABLE OPTIONS
Introduction: Importance and necessity of electric and hybrid vehicles.
Available options: conventional, hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles.
General description and characterization of the differences between hybrid and electric systems.
Elements of electricity and electrical safety: Electrical quantities; Types of electric current; Instrumentation; Functions of a motor-generator; Energy storage systems (Li-ion and NiMH batteries); Electrical hazards; Safety standards and risk assessment. Safety equipment for intervention in hybrid and electric vehicles: PPE – Personal Protective Equipment; CPE – Collective Protective Equipment.
Verification and procedures for the consignment position; Disassembly of the safety connector.
Certification for handling high-voltage circuits.
Applicable Legislation.

2-HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (HEV)
Types and Characteristics of Hybrid Systems: Series System; Parallel System; Combined or Mixed System.
Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid Systems: Principles and Stages of Operation; Technical Characteristics; High-Voltage Cables and Other Components; Transmission System; Diagnostic Methodologies; Analysis and Comparison of Hybrid Systems.
Atkinson Operating Cycle: Operating Principle; Component Verification; Parameter Verification; System Solenoid Valve Values.
High-Voltage Batteries: Battery Types and Characteristics; Current Value Verification; Cell Voltage Values. Hybrid System Diagnosis; Diagnostic Equipment; Application of Diagnostic Methods.

3-ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EV)
Electric Vehicles: Types and Classification of Electric Vehicles; Operating Principles; Electrical System Layout.
Electric vehicle components: Drivetrain; Battery pack; Battery fuses; Battery service connector; High-voltage cables; Component location.
Circuit diagrams: Wiring diagrams; Multiplexed architecture.
Electrical system charging; Charging types; Fast charging; Charging stations.
Electric vehicle diagnostics: Diagnostic equipment; Application of diagnostic methods.

4-FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES (FCEVs). FUEL CELL SYSTEMS
Components. Hydrogen storage and generation. Types of fuel cells used in automobiles. Development of regenerators. Safety, codes, and standards for the use of hydrogen.

5-MAINTENANCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Maintenance of hybrid and electric vehicles. New technologies and their environmental implications. Battery recycling.

The assessment consists of a Theoretical component, worth 25% of the total (5 out of 20 points. Minimum of 1.25 points, i.e., 25% of the Theoretical component) and a Theoretical-Practical and Practical component, worth 75% of the total (45% theoretical-practical and 30% laboratory practice). It is organized as follows:

1. Theoretical (25%) and Theoretical-Practical (45%) components — assessed by a final exam worth 14 points (70% of the course grade), consisting of an individual written test, with a minimum grade of 5.95 points (corresponding to 8.5 out of 20 points).

2. Laboratory Practice Component (30% of the course grade) — operates under a mandatory attendance system and continuous assessment throughout the semester, in groups, with a minimum of 80% attendance and reports submitted. Those who do not achieve 15% of the 30% of this component will have to take the final exam for 100%, which also includes the evaluation of this part.

To pass the course, the sum of the Theoretical and Theoretical-Practical components plus the Laboratory Practical component must be greater than 9.5 points out of 20.

Note: Students who do not achieve the minimum theoretical score on the final exam will be marked as NRC ("does not meet the requirements").

NAO