Computer-Aided Analysis of Mechanical Systems

Applied Mechanics. Strength of Materials. Structural Mechanics. 3D Modelling.

The teaching methodologies of this discipline combine theoretical and practical approaches, using examples to help students acquire fundamental knowledge and applied skills. Lectures introduce the concepts of the Finite Element Method, allowing students to understand the principles and the user’s responsibility in defining the model and interpreting the results.

Practical demonstrations are conducted using simulation software (SolidWorksÒ Simulation), which allows students to apply theoretical concepts to 3D geometry modelling and the preparation of finite element models. These sessions promote active learning and familiarisation with computational tools used in mechanical engineering.

The teaching methodology involves individualised follow-up and question-and-answer sessions, favouring the practical application of FE concepts and techniques to real-world problems, from simple structural elements to complex assemblies.

The integrative project is a central component of the methodology, challenging students to integrate theoretical and practical knowledge, develop complete FE models, and present results in structured technical reports, promoting critical analysis and scientific communication skills.

The teaching method includes guided assignments, case studies, and exercises in interpreting results, encouraging critical thinking, autonomy, and decision-making skills in the face of method limitations and potential modelling errors. This combination of theoretical presentations, software practice, tutorials, and an integrative project ensures holistic learning, enabling students to understand, apply, and integrate knowledge of the finite element method to solve complex mechanical engineering problems, particularly in structural components.

At the end of the curricular unit, the student should be able to:

1. Understand the conceptual foundations of the Finite Element Method (FEM), its historical evolution, areas of application, potential, and limitations.

2. Recognize the user’s responsibility in defining the model, selecting hypotheses, boundary conditions, and the critical interpretation of numerical results.

3. Identify and distinguish different types of finite elements, understanding the bases of their theoretical formulation, implementation, and adaptation to various mechanical problems.

4. Prepare and adapt 3D geometric models for FEM analysis, applying principles of parametric modeling and appropriate geometric simplification.

5. Configure and execute structural analyses by FEM (linear statics, dynamics, buckling, impact, and optimization), correctly interpreting the results obtained.

6. Use SolidWorks® Simulation as a tool to support the study of mechanical systems, mastering the definition of contacts, loads, boundary conditions, and discretization strategies.

7. Develop complete finite element studies applied to fundamental mechanical components and systems, from modeling to critical analysis of results.

8. Produce structured technical reports, communicating in a clear, substantiated, and critical manner the procedures adopted and the conclusions obtained.

Technical Skills

Appropriately select element types, meshes, and discretization strategies.

Correctly define boundary conditions, loads, and contacts in FE models with SolidWorks software.

Prepare optimized 3D geometries for numerical analysis.

Perform static, dynamic, and structural stability analyses.

Evaluate the mesh quality and the convergence of the results.

Interpret stress, deformation, and displacement fields with a critical spirit.

Use SolidWorks® Simulation independently in real engineering problems.

Conceptual Skills

Understand the mathematical and physical basis of MEF.

Distinguish between real models and numerical models, recognizing simplifications and hypotheses.

Know the limitations of the method and the risks of incorrect interpretations.

Relate numerical results with the expected mechanical behavior.

Transversal Skills

Critical thinking in the analysis of numerical results.

Autonomy in solving complex engineering problems.

Ability to make informed decisions in the face of model limitations.

Clear technical communication through reports and presentations.

Project-oriented work and solving real problems.

1. Introduction to the Finite Element Method (FEM). Concepts and history. Commercial Finite Element programs: overview, capabilities, and limitations. User responsibility: correct interpretation of results and dangers of use.

2. Theoretical Foundations of Finite Elements. Types of Finite Elements. Development and implementation. Formulation. Examples.

3. 3D Modelling and Integration with FE. Parametric modelling. Geometry preparation for the FE model.

4. Structural Analysis with FE. Linear Static Analysis. Dynamic Analysis. Buckling, impact, and structural optimisation: theoretical principles and examples of practical application.

5. Applications with SolidWorks® Simulation. Setting up studies with FE. Types of analysis. Contact, load, and boundary conditions. Discretisation of models. Demonstrative examples: analysis of mechanical components, support systems, and complex structures. Reports and interpretation of results.

6. Integrative Project.

The curricular unit (CU) operates entirely under a continuous assessment regime, prioritising students' active participation, the progressive integration of knowledge, and the development of transversal skills. The methodology incorporates diverse assessment moments, distributed throughout the semester, that allow monitoring the acquisition of skills, promote autonomy, and ensure the connection between theory and practice. 

The assessment integrates two components:

1. Integrative Project (18.5/20)

This constitutes the central component of the assessment and represents the full integration of the knowledge acquired in the theoretical and practical components. Carried out in groups, it involves the conception, development, and presentation of a final project with a strong practical and computational component.

The final report follows the provided guiding model. The theoretical component of the CU must be articulated in the report, demonstrating the ability to apply fundamental concepts to real problems. The project is presented and discussed before the teaching staff, emphasising skills in technical argumentation, critical analysis, and informed decision-making.

This component promotes autonomy, responsibility, collaborative work, and methodological integration. The component integrates three parts: Technical report of the integrative project, Oral presentation, and Discussion of the work.

2. Motivation, Participation and Commitment (1.5/20)

Active participation in theoretical and laboratory classes is monitored throughout the semester. Involvement in tasks, attendance, punctuality, contributions to group work, and a critical attitude are evaluated. This evaluation is recorded in a separate grade, reflecting the student's commitment to the learning process. 

Approval Conditions and Special Regimes

To obtain approval in the UC, students must attend at least 75% of the total theoretical and laboratory classes.

Students with worker-student status, or those prevented from attending classes for a duly justified reason presented by the second week of classes, may carry out an autonomous and equivalent individual work. This possibility requires the Course Coordinator's evaluation and authorisation and active participation in the same evaluation moments defined.

NAO