Base Knowledge
Thermodynamics, Heat Transmission, Fluid Mechanics.
Teaching Methodologies
In the theoretical classes, the subjects covered in the program are exposed in detail, motivating the students to complement these same subjects in their personal study, in which they should deepen the subjects covered.
Theoretical-practical classes are divided between analysis and problem solving, and the laboratory component where students must experiment and solve situations related to the subject.
In laboratory practical classes, computer applications and equipment catalogs from manufacturers of HVAC sector are used, allowing students to be alerted to the different practical aspects of the selection and dimensioning of HVAC facilities equipment and accessories;
Lectures by competent individuals in specific areas of relevance to the course;
Visit to the DEM / ISEC Air Conditioning Laboratory for contact with the various equipment, tools and accessories used in the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration industry;
Students are urged to deepen their study, using the recommended bibliography and, eventually, other books or documents. Students also have at their disposal various documents and catalogs of equipment and accessories;
Availability of the teacher to clarify doubts to students during office hours. Outside these hours, contact via email is preferred.
Learning Results
Present the different types of air conditioning systems, deepening the knowledge regarding the most common systems and to develop in students the necessary skills in the fields of design, installation, operation and maintenance of HVAC systems. In the end, students must have acquired the following skills: to know how to characterize the relevant parameters for QAI comfort and guarantee; know how to describe the different air conditioning processes, being able to calculate the different quantities involved; know how to describe the main HVAC systems, identifying their characteristics, fields of application and main components; know how to dimension the different fluid networks existing in the HVAC sector; know the principles underlying the selection and dimensioning of equipment used in the HVAC sector; know the main requirements for the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of HVAC installations.
Program
1 – Introduction
1.1 Environmental comfort conditions. Concept of comfort. Parameters influencing comfort perception.
1.2 Legislative Framework
1.2.1 Decree-Law No. 101-D/2020, December 7
1.2.2 Decree-Law No. 71/2008, April 17
1..3 Decree-Law No. 68-A/2015, April 30
2 – Energy Characterization, National Legislation
2.1 Service Buildings
2.1.1 Thermal comfort conditions
2.1.2 Heating, Cooling and DHW (Domestic Hot Water) Needs. Energy Consumption
2.1.3 Energy Efficiency
2.2 Industry
2.2.1 Industrial Processes
2.2.2 Auxiliary Services
3 – HVAC Systems
3.1 Thermal Energy Production
3.1.1 Chiller / Heat Pump
3.1.2 Boilers
3.1.3 Direct Expansion Systems
3.1.4 Solar Thermal
3.2 Terminal Units
3.2.1 Indoor Units (DX)
3.2.2 Fan Coil Units
3.2.3 Radiators
3.2.4 Induction Units and Others
3.3 Transport Fluid
3.3.1 Water
3.3.2 Air
3.3.3 Refrigerant
3.3.3.1 Regulation (EU) 2024/573
3.4 Typical Systems by Building Typology
4 – Objectives and Implications of Ventilation
4.1 Minimum outdoor air flow rates – C&S – Ordinance No. 138/I-2021.
4.2 Air Handling (AHUs and FAHUs): different configurations; fans; heat recovery modes; free cooling; acoustic attenuators; filtration requirements.
4.3 HVAC Design Analysis.
5 – Detailed Dynamic Simulation of Buildings – HVAC Systems
5.1 Scope and objectives of dynamic simulation.
5.2 Thermal load calculation and energy consumption simulation software – Hourly Analysis Program (HAP).
5.3 Practical Case – Definition of HVAC systems
6 – HVAC Inspections – NT-SCE 05
6.1 Framework
6.2 Object of inspection
6.3 Periodicity of Inspections of Technical Systems
6.4 Methodology for Inspection of Technical Systems
6.4.1 Assumptions for performing measurements
6.4.2 Measurement period
6.4.3 Energy efficiency
6.4.4.1 Combustion systems
Combustion technologies
Combustion efficiency
Heat losses
Energy calculations
Measuring instruments
Determination of system efficiency
6.4.4.2 Air conditioning systems
Refrigeration circuit
Pressure / enthalpy diagram
Air conditioning technologies (air systems, water systems, direct expansion systems)
Energy efficiency
Energy efficiency under real operating conditions
Pipe insulation
Measuring equipment – calculation of energy efficiency
6.4.4.3 Solar thermal systems
6.5 Visual Inspection
7 – Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
7.1 Indoor air concentration limits.
7.2 IAQ Audits – Annual Simplified Assessment
7.3 Indoor Air Quality Testing: Measuring Equipment.
7.4 Practical Cases.
7.5 Recommendations in cases of non-compliance
8 – Installation, Commissioning and Maintenance of HVAC Systems
8.1 Main parameters and procedures.
8.2 Order No. 6476-C/2021.
Curricular Unit Teachers
Helena Margarida da Cunha Carrilho SerranoGrading Methods
The assessment of the course corresponds to the sum of the following components:
1) Presentation and in-class discussion of two topics covering the syllabus content of the course unit (2.5 + 2.5 points);
2) Descriptive report on one of the lectures held within the scope of the course unit (2 points);
3) Final exam, including a theoretical component and a theoretical-practical component (13 points).
Internship(s)
NAO
Bibliography
MIRALDO, P. (2009). Instalações de AVAC
MALÇA, J. (2010). Sistemas de Climatização.
MIRANDA, A.L. (2005). Aire Acondicionado: Nueva Enciclopédia de la Climatización, 5ª ed., Ediciones CEAC, ISBN: 9788432910791 (1)
CARPINTEIRO, J. (2011). Aquecimento, Ventilação e Ar Condicionado, 3ed., Verlag-Dashöfer. ISBN: 978-989-642-152-6
MIRANDA, A.L. (2007). Técnicas de Climatización, Marcombo SA, 2007. ISBN: 9788426714176 (1)
JUTGLAR, L. and MIRANDA, A.L. (2009). Técnicas de Calefacción, Marcombo SA,. ISBN: 9788426715296 (1)
RECKNAGEL, S. (1995). Manuel Pratique du Génie Climatique, PYC Livres. ISBN: 978-2911008009
HUNDY, G.F., TROTT, A.R. and WELCH, T.C. (2008). Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 4th edition, Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-7506-8519-1 (1)
MONTGOMERY, R. and McDOWALL, R. (2009). Fundamentals of HVAC control systems, SI edition, Elsevier. ISBN : 978-0-08-055234-7 (1)
Handbook of Air Conditioning System Design. CARRIER AIR CONDITIONING CO. McGraw-Hill (1)
RIETSCHEL, H. (1973). Traité de chauffage et de climatisation, Dunod. ISBN: 2-04-004146-X (1)
Manual de Aire Acondicionado.(2009).(CARRIER AIR CONDITIONING CO), Marcombo SA,. ISBN: 9788426714992 (1)
Norms, directives, regulations and other legislation with emphasis on the syllabus of the course
· Equipment and accessories catalogs
· Documentation associated with computer applications for selecting equipment and accessories
(1) Available in the ISEC library.