Eletromagnetismo

Mathematics: Vector calculus, differential and integral calculus, orthogonal coordinate systems, differential and integral operators.

Physics: Kinematics, particle and rigid body dynamics, work and energy.

Audiovisual presentation of the course material in theoretical classes, complemented by the resolution of illustrative problems in theoretical-practical classes. Students are encouraged to interact with the instructor.

In laboratory classes, students carry out practical work in small groups (2, 3 or 4 students). Carrying out experimental work confers various skills to the student, namely autonomous acquisition of knowledge in the preparation of the work; use of computer tools for data acquisition and analysis; handling materials and measuring instruments; data interpretation (including statistical analysis and error analysis); personal and interpersonal skills of relationship with group colleagues and with the teacher, namely in the critical discussion of results.

In this Curricular Unit, competences related to the understanding of Nature in the field of Electromagnetism will be acquired, with emphasis on the most technologically important concepts.
The student must assimilate contents presented, identify them in examples and apply them in the resolution of theoretical-practical exercises.

1. Vector Analysis Review
Vector calculus
Differential and integral operators.
Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems.

2. Introduction to Electromagnetism
Phenomenology of Electromagnetism.
Fundamental electromagnetic relationships. Maxwell´s laws.

3. Electrostatics
Coulomb’s Law.
Gauss’ law.
Poisson and Laplace equations.
Conductors.
Capacitors.
Dielectric materials.

4. Electric current
The charge conservation law.
Ohm’s Law.

5. Magnetostatics
Biot-Savart’s Law.
Ampere’s Law.
Magnetic field in diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials.

6. Magnetic Force
Cyclotronic movement.
Magnetic force on currents and flat turns.

7. Electromagnetic Induction
Electromotive force induced in moving conductors.
Hall effect.
Faraday and Lenz Laws.
Self-induction. Mutual induction.

8. Electromagnetic Radiation
Maxwell equations in vacuum.
Electromagnetic field energy. Poynting vector.

The laboratory component, P, is worth 4.00 points, and the final examination, E, is worth 20.00 points, with the final grade being calculated as C = P + 0.8 × E. A student passes if C is greater than or equal to 9.500 points.

LABORATORY

Students who successfully completed the laboratory component in either of the two previous academic years may use that grade if they so wish. If they choose to attend the laboratory again, the grade obtained in the current academic year will count towards the final grade. No grade improvement is permitted.

Students covered by regulations or statutes that explicitly provide exemption from attendance at classes (such as the Legal Framework for Student Workers, set out in Articles 89 to 96 of the Labour Code, approved by Law No. 7/2009 of 12 February), who are unable to attend the practical laboratory classes during their regular scheduled time, must inform the instructor teaching the laboratory classes by the end of the second week of classes. They must also submit a document issued and signed by the organization employing the student, certifying that their working hours prevent them from attending the practical laboratory classes at the regular scheduled time. Failure to meet the above deadline and to submit the required document will preclude the exceptional assessment procedure described in the following paragraph.

Students covered by the previous paragraph must complete two practical assessments, corresponding to two of the four practical assignments, on dates to be agreed with the laboratory instructor. These dates may be scheduled up to and including the day immediately preceding the beginning of the regular examination period. In each assessment session, the assignment to be performed will be drawn at random from the four available assignments, with no assignment being repeated. Each of the two assignments will be worth 2.00 points, and each assessment will last for the same duration as a regular laboratory class.

Laboratory reports must use the version that will be made available on Moodle. Failure to comply with this requirement will result in the report being cancelled and a grade of zero being awarded. A Laboratory Work Regulations document will be published on Moodle with the remaining details concerning the laboratory work, including the attendance policy.

Students are responsible for signing the attendance sheet at each laboratory class. Failure to sign the attendance sheet may be treated as an absence from that class/assignment.

EXAMINATIONS

The examinations are multiple-choice examinations, requiring students to answer 10 questions/items selected from 12 questions. Correct answers (from five possible options) are awarded 2 points, while incorrect answers are awarded −0.5 points.

The compulsory or optional final written examinations are those specified in the regulations currently in force at ISEC.

During examinations, the use of any electronic device or any reference material is prohibited, with the sole exception of one A4 sheet containing material of the student's choice. The use of a calculator without communication capabilities is permitted.

With reference to point 11 of Article 31 of the Academic Regulations for IPC first-cycle study programmes, only the material mentioned in the previous paragraph, together with a reasonable amount of writing materials, may be brought into the examination room. In particular, backpacks, academic folders, handbags, etc. may not be brought into the room, as they may facilitate academic misconduct.

The mere possession of any electronic device other than the calculator will be considered academic misconduct, resulting in the cancellation of the examination and the filing of a disciplinary report. “Possession” is understood to mean merely having the possibility of accessing such devices during the examination, for example, by having them in one's pockets.

NAO