Vibrações, Ondas e Ótica

Integrals and derivatives
Kinematics and Dynamics of the particle
Basic Concepts of Electromagnetism

The teaching methodology comprises lectures and theoretical-practical classes. In the lectures the concepts corresponding to the syllabus are presented orally, whenever possible, consolidated with an application example. In the theoretical-practical classes, the resolution of exercises to apply the knowledge acquired in the theoretical classes is done.

Acquisition of fundamental knowledge in the field of oscillations, from the ideal oscillator and simple harmonic motion (MHS), to the real oscillator, namely describing the effect of friction and the action of external forces, i.e., damped and forced oscillations.
To know the tools used to facilitate the analysis of the MHS superposition and how to apply them.
To master the concepts inherent to wave phenomena, in order to identify their various origins and characterize the progressive waves vs standing waves, as well as understand the propagation of sound waves, the meaning of the Doppler effect and the most fundamental notions related to the origin of ultrasound and its applications in the medical field.
To grasp the basics of geometric and wave optics, with an emphasis on technically and clinically relevant concepts.
Provide students with a first approach to optical instruments and the use of lasers in medicine and their main applications.

1. Oscillations. Simple harmonic motion. Superposition of two simple harmonic motions. Damped oscillations. Forced oscillations and resonance
2. Waves. Transverse and longitudinal waves. Travelling waves and wave superposition. Standing waves. Vibration normal modes. Sound. The Doppler effect. Ultrasound
3. Geometrical optics. The nature of light. Light absorption, reflection and refraction. Light propagation: ray of light, reversibility principle, real and virtual images.Mirrors and Diopters. Thin lenses amd group of lenses. Mirro and lenses aberrations and its correction.
4. Optical instruments. Fiber optics. Camera. The eye and the correction of vision defects. The magnifier, microscope and telescope.
5. Wave optics. Polarization: Malus and Brewster laws. Interference: from two coherent sources and in thin films. Diffraction: Huygens principle. Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction and Rayleigh criterion. Holography. LASERs and biomedical applications.

Students can choose to take the final exams listed in the ISEC regulations or the continuous/periodic assessment regime.

The distributed evaluation regime consists of:

1) 3 mini-tests (T1 - T3);

2) attendance at least 75% of classes.

The 3 mini-tests (T1 - T3) have the following quotation: T1 - 8 values; T2 and T3- 6 values.

The first two mini-tests (T1 and T2) will take place during the school period. There are minimums for these mini-tests together: T1+T2≥5,0. Complying with these minimums and with the one referred to in paragraph 2) above, will have access to the third mini-test (T3) that will take place on the date of the Normal Exam.

Students will obtain approval to the course if T≥9.5, with T the classification of the sum of the tests, with a total of 20 values.

Students who have initially opted for the distributed assessment regime but have not obtained the minimum in the sum of the first two mini-tests or do not comply with the above mentioned in point 2) will have access to the Normal Exam.

Students who choose to take the final exams will obtain approval to the course if E≥9.5, E being the classification of the final exam, quoted from 0 to 20 values.

In the Appeal Exam, as well as in all other exams, all students will take the full exam, quoted for 20 values.

NAO