Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Theoretical matrix (T):
Expository method leveraging student-teacher interaction through appropriate audiovisual and online platforms.
Practical matrix (P):
Learning is action-oriented, with the resolution of PK/PD problems using analytical estimations including the determination of kinetics and ADME parameters, as well as the analysis of dose-response curves and the corresponding analysis of Pharmacodynamics concepts. Student-centered teaching approaches, resorting to the analysis of articles that reflect real cases, also allows the application of knowledge in a matrix of increasing complexity.
Continuous evaluation of this course will be carried out in 2 intermediate moments of written evaluation (15/20v) as well as the analysis and discussion of 1 scientific article (5/20v). Examinations according to academic calendars.

Upon completion of this course, students are expected to be able to:
– Calculate pharmacokinetic parameters, allowing them to understand issues of therapeutic inequivalence of medications;
– Predict the kinetics and extension of the ADME process of drugs as a function of multiple variables (physicochemical, biochemical, physiological and pathological);
– Establish and optimize dosage regimens;
– Understand the biochemical determinants of drug molecular targets and corresponding concepts of pharmacodynamics;
– Articulate integrated problem-solving skills, introducing systemic and collaborative reasoning methodologies.

1. Pharmacokinetics (PK, LADME)
1.1 Mathematical fundaments: exponents, logarithms and area under the curve calculation;
1.2. Liberation and dissolution: Impact of technological factors
1.3. Drug absorption: Physiological/physicochemical factors that impact distinct routes of administration;
1.4. Distribution: Volume of distribution; Binding to plasma proteins;
1.5. Metabolism: Zero and one order kinetics; first pass effect;
1.6. Excretion: Elimination constant, half-life, clearance;
1.7. Notion of compartment: models of one and two compartments;
1.8. Bioavailability (absolute/relative) and bioequivalence;
1.9. Administration of multiple doses. Dosage and accumulation effect. Initial and maintenance dose.
2. Pharmacodynamics (PD)
2.1. Molecular drug targets (types of receptors, transporters, enzymes)
2.2. Concept of affinity and intrinsic activity
2.3. Dose-response curves (total, partial, inverse and antagonistic agonists)
2.4. Concept of effectiveness and potency

NAO