Analysis of Structures

– Ability to conduct research, read and interpret concepts
– Ability to write and synthesize text
– Computer skills from the user’s perspective, digital writing of documents and creation of work reports.
– Capacity and motivation for research, use and application of software for the calculation of structures.
– Acquired knowledge and applied practice of elementary bases: quantities, systems of units, notion of vectors and their characteristics, geometric, physical and mechanical relationships, graphical representation of equations.
– Knowledge acquired and consolidated in previous curricular units: concepts of forces and moments, principles of balance and superposition of effects, calculation of reactions, efforts and their graphic representation for structures; deformations, mathematical calculation and numerical integration. Interpretation of results.
– Sense of cooperation, mutual help, collaboration and spirit of knowledge sharing, with practical interest in carrying out activities, individually and in work groups.

The classes will be taught in Portuguese, having as object of work and learning the syllabus presented. It is expected that the lessons will have, whenever possible, different moments in the knowledge transmission methodology:
1) accompanied study in the learning achieved by the students, clarification of doubts and practical support at work and/or solving exercises/problems,
2) discussion and presentation of weekly research papers carried out by the working groups about contents of UC.
3) expository presentation of contents by the teacher, with possible practical resolution of example exercises, followed by discussion between the teacher, students and groups of students about the themes and exercises presented.
An expository presentation will be used during the explanation of theoretical subjects to support learning with the practical resolution of exercises. Students will be encouraged to carry out a practical work of technical and scientific interpretation and on contents and a practical interpretation approach through individual and group research. Without obligation, the research should result in information in a documents made available to all students through the sharing of documents in the forum of the Inforestudante, platform, or even on student pages.
The learning will be monitored by the students, by clarifying doubts, supporting the resolution of exercises and guiding practical work, and there must be a writing of personal study works. The presentation of these documents, will be made every week, and by presentation in conversation groups and in the forum of the Inforestudante platform.
As long as it is feasible, it is considered, that during class hours, a visit to works or structures may be made, either on the Institute’s own campus or outside. To occur, students will be challenged to present images and description of the verified situations. Not being feasible, students will be encouraged to do, for their own reasons, personal record of examples of works or structures of interest within the scope of the discipline’s content, being invited to present work with description and images of the observed.
These processes aim at the individual responsibility of the student, and at the same time, to increase the ation to knowledge sharing between, for and with the other colleagues. The student is individually assessed for the knowledge acquired, for their potential to interpret the intended objectives for the resolution and understanding of exercises and contents, as well as for their ability to organize ideas and consequent exposure of knowledge. At the same time, you will be evaluated for your collaboration with your colleagues, either for the work developed in a group or for your motivation to collaborate in the learning of your colleagues.
After the academic weeks, each student will take a written test with questions about the syllabus, with space for presenting exercise proposals that demonstrate their ability to identify problems and their resolution. There will be a part of problems fundamentals for which a minimum quote will be required.

Goals:
– Acquisition of knowledge about the behavior of statically undetermined structures in a linear regime.
– Ability to analyze structures and their behavior, solving exercises to determine efforts and displacements.
– Understanding the essential basis of analysis, design and intervention at a structural level that contribute to your student’s success as a future civil engineer.

Generic Skills:
– Increase of skills in the areas of communication and transfer of knowledge and knowledge;
– Application and demonstration of skills acquired through methods of study and personal work in individual and group tasks;
– Motivation to use self-learning methods and skills development accompanied by the expected teaching methods;
– Application of knowledge and physical understanding of phenomena through technical, scientific and pedagogical interconnection;
– Development of competence for carrying out judgment and decision-making.

Specific Skills:
– Acquire knowledge and ability to understand the behavior of building structures;
– Promotion of the ability to observe practical situations with a view to the need for intervention;
– Encouraging the development of analysis and calculation methodologies in response to actions and effects on structures;
– Ability to intervene and form proposals for improving structural behavior, through rehabilitation, reinforcement or basic design actions.

PART 1 – Introduction and Elementary Concepts
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE UNIT, REVISIONS AND BASIS FOR THE CALCULATION OF ELEMENTS AND STRUCTURES
Functioning of the curricular unit, learning process, teaching and assessment system
Review of contents covered in previous curricular units and subjects
Actions, reactions, efforts and representation and determination of diagrams of efforts in isostatic structures;
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution
2. ELEMENTARY NOTIONS FOR THE CALCULATION OF STRUCTURES
Practical application of acquired knowledge
Methods of analysis of staticity of structures and study of calculation procedures, balance of efforts in sections
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution
3. THE PATH OF CARGO: FROM ACTIONS TO EFFECTS
Review and practical application of acquired knowledge
Applications of elastic line calculation: methods, relationships, behavior evaluation
Tracing diagrams by equations; Tracing and prediction of deformations in structures
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution
4. APPLICATIONS BASED ON ENERGY THEOREMS
Energetic methods and importance for the evaluation of structures
Applications of calculus based on energy theorems; Behavior in linear tension-extension state
Deformation energy and potential energy; Calculation of displacements; Mathematical methods of integration.
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution
5. DEFORMED IN STRUCTURES AND STATIC AND KINEMATIC RELATIONSHIP
Evaluation of deformation in structural elements and in structures and relationship with static evaluation, cause and effect relationships
Applications of static-kinematic duality: action-reaction, load-displacement, stress-extension, efforts-discontinuities
Determination of deformations in structures by static and kinematic actions; sign convention for structural analysis;
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution

PART 2 – Methods of calculation and analysis of hyperstatic structures
6. METHOD OF FORCES – INTRODUCTION
Study on concepts of analysis of hyperstatic structures; Introduction and Fundamental Concepts
Introduction to the static method of solving hyperstatic structures; Analysis of beam elements;
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution
7. METHOD OF FORCES – APPLICATIONS
Practice of calculating displacements and discontinuities and application of superposition of effects
Application and physical interpretation of the calculation by the Forces Method, flexibility matrix;
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution
8. FORCES METHOD – CONSOLIDATION AND SPECIAL CASES
Study of problems for the practice of applying the Forces Method
Analysis of structures with support settlements, flexible supports and cables;
Compared applications of manual calculation and automatic calculation
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution
9. DISPLACEMENT METHOD – INTRODUCTION
Study on the identification of nodal deformations in the analysis of structures, isostatic or hyperstatic
Introduction and fundamental concepts of the kinematic method of solving structures – Displacement Method;
Relation of the displacement method as a dual method of the forces method; Degree of cinematic indeterminacy
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution
10. DISPLACEMENT METHOD – CONTINUED
Practice of calculating displacements and discontinuities and application of superposition of effects
Rigidity matrix and vector of clamping forces; Rationale of the displacement method.
Application and physical interpretation of the calculation by the displacement method.
Matrix formulation, and application to structures with inclined bars
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution
11. DISPLACEMENT METHOD – CONSOLIDATION AND SPECIAL CASES
Study of problems for the practice of applying the Displacement Method
Analysis of structures with support settlements, flexible supports and cables;
Compared applications of manual calculation and automatic calculation
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution

PART 3 – Lines of influence and practical applications
12. INFLUENCE LINES IN ISOSTATIC STRUCTURES
Research and study associated with Lines of influence and interests of practical application; Introduction and physical meaning
Static and kinematic methods for the determination of influence lines; General principles;
Application of the concepts of static and kinematic duality in isostatic structures
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their resolution
13. INFLUENCE LINES IN HYPERSTATIC STRUCTURES
Research and calculation of lines of influence in isostatic and hyperstatic structures
Application of concepts for the definition of combination of actions
Examples of application of concepts, problems and questions and their practical resolution

PART 4 ​​– personal record of suggestion, collaboration and cooperation
14. PRESENTATION OF PROBLEM PROPOSALS AND STRUCTURAL SCHEMES
Research, review, practice of exercises and proposals for fundamental knowledge
Research, review, practice of exercises and problem proposals on hyperstatic structures
Research, review, exercises and proposals on practical applications of Lines of Influence concepts
15. REVIEW AND CONCLUSION, PROPOSALS AND SUGGESTIONS, INFORMATION AND DISCLOSURE
Summary description of information proposals to be included in the UC
Individual description of disclosure contents
Conclusion on the contents covered and knowledge acquired at the UC
Performance evaluation at the UC for the objectives initially defined (self-assessment, learning, motivation and attitude)

NAO

1. S.T.MAU (2015) – Introdução à Análise Estrutural – Métodos dos Deslocamentos e das Forças. 1ª Edição. Editora Ciência Moderna.
2. SORIANO, Humberto Lima (2016) – Análise De Estruturas – Formulações Clássicas. Editora LF Editorial.
3. LAURSEN H.I. (2014) – Structural Analysis. 3Ed. McGraw Hill India
4. MARTHA, L. F. (2010) – Análise de estruturas -conceitos e métodos básicos. Rio deJaneiro. Elsevier.
5. LEET, K. M. (2009) – Fundamentos da análise estrutural. 3. ed. São Paulo. McGraw Hill.
6. GOUVEIA, J.P. (2007) – Mecânica Estrutural: apontamentos de apoio às aulas teóricas e práticas de Estruturas I, 06/07. DEC do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra, Coimbra.
7. SORIANO, H. L. (2007) – Estática das Estruturas. Método das Forças e Método dos Deslocamentos. Rio de Janeiro. Ciência Moderna.
8. GUEDES, J.M. (2002) – Método dos deslocamentos, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto
9. GAE.IST (2002) – Tabelas de Análise de Estruturas. Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa.
10. FLEMING, Jonh F. (1997) – Analysis of Structural Systems. Ed. Prentice Hall.
11. Riley WF, Sturges LD. (1996) – Engineering mechanics: statics. John Wiley & Sons.
12. Frey F. (1994) – Analyse des strucutres et millieux continus – Statique appliqué. Traité de Génie Civil de l’École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Vol. 1, Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes.
13. PEREIRA, EM (1994) – Análise de Estruturas I – Linhas de Influência. Secção de Folhas da AE do Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa.
14. FREY, F. (1990) – Analyse des structures et milieux continus: Statique Appliqué. Traité de Génie Civil de l ́École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne.
15. CAMPANARI, Flavio Antonio (1985) – Teoria das Estruturas; Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Dois
16. TIMOSHENKO, S. e GERE, J. (1983) – Mecânica dos Sólidos. Volumes I e II. Livros Técnicos e Científicos
17. GHALI, A; NEVILLE A. (1979) – Structural analysis: a unified classical and matrix approach. Second Edition. Chapman and Hall. London. England

works and documents presented by teachers and students in previous years, available in Inforestudante, Moodle and in the library.