Applied Chemistry

It is recommended basic knowledges in mathematics as well as in chemistry.

The theoretical classes aim at the detailed presentation of the syllabus, using an expositive-active methodology. The contents are exposed calling for constant student intervention. Analytical calculations are made by the teacher, also the resolution of the problems proposed in the practical classes will be made by the students and monitored by the teacher. In practical classes, laboratory work will be carried out to apply the knowledge acquired in the theoretical component.

Students can be assisted during weekly office hours. Whenever required, additional sessions will be lectured to clarify any eventual questions.

The student should acquire knowledge about:

Major inorganic compounds. Structure and nomenclature.

Structure and nomenclature of major organic compounds. Functional groups recognition.

Isomerism basic notions.

Chemical bond. Chemical bonding in carbon versus hybridization.

Physical and chemical units to express aqueous solutions concentration.

Dilution and dilution factor notions. Corresponding analytical calculations.

Chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium constant. Particular case of the acid-base equilibrium in aqueous solution. PH scale. Titrations, indicators of pH and buffer solutions.

The student must acquire skills on:

Identification of the major inorganic and organic compounds on the most occurring forms.

Perform analytical calculations related chemical equilibrium, as well as acid-base equilibrium.

Applied Chemistry as an integrated discipline intent to allow the student to familiarize in a first time with the structures and common occurring chemical schemes within the general chemistry and organic chemistry. On the other hand, the analytical calculation concerning the content taught it is an important and extensive part. So, the conclusion of this course should provide the student with a high degree of calculation capacity in matter to perform mathematical operations that allow to perform with some deftness the application of acquired knowledge. The main purpose of this syllabus it is the creation of an interface between the taught knowledge and chemical phenomena with the major aim of helping to assimilate them into various disciplines that rely upon this same knowledge as far as theoretic level and laboratory practical experiments.

Theoretical component:

Inorganic compounds (phosphates, sulfates, nitrates and nitrites, carbonates, oxygenated compounds).

Organic compounds (hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, amides).

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism.

Chemical Bonding (ionic bonding and covalent bonding, hybridization). Molecular geometry. Intermolecular forces.

Concentration of solutions (weight, volume and mass/volume percentages, molarity, molality, mole fraction, normality, dilution factor).

Properties of dilute solutions. Chemical equilibrium. Nature of chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium constants, Kp and Kc. Equilibrium constants interpretation. The ideal law of chemical equilibrium. The reaction quotient. Analytical calculations.

Acid-base equilibria. Theories. Strength of acids and bases. pH scale. pH indicators and changing colour moment. Titrations. Theory of the pH calculations on several titrations. Buffer solutions. Buffer capacity and buffer effect. Analytical calculations.

Practical component

Laboratory activities:

1. Application of general concepts related to concentrations of solutions

2. Determination of the density of a NaCl solution

3. Evaluation of factors that influence the chemical equilibrium

4. Potentiometric acid-base titration: determination of pKa of acetic acid

5. Determination of vinegar acidity

NAO

Recommended references:

– Alexéev V. Análise Quantitativa. 3ª ed. Lopes da Silva Editora, Porto, 1983.

 – MORRISON R., BOYD R., Química Orgânica, 13.ª edição, Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1996

 – Skoog DA, West DM. Fundamentals of Analytical chemistry. 7ª ed. Saunders College Publishing, New York 1996

 – TOMÉ, A., Introdução à nomenclatura dos compostos orgânicos, 1ª Edição, Lisboa, Escolar Editora, 2010.

Other references:

– CAREY, F.A., Organic Chemistry, 6nd ed, New york, McGraw-Hill, 2006.

 – Guernet M, Guernet E, Herrenknecht-Trottmann C. Équilibres en solution aqueuse. 1ª ed. Masson, Paris, 1996.

 – Vogel RI. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 15ª ed. Longman Scientific & Technical, New York,1989.