Auditing and Accountability

not applicable.

Theoretical exposition using technological means;
Theoretical and practical examples;
Analysis and discussion of specific cases.

Objectives to be developed:

· Analyse the critical role of auditing as a guarantee of integrity, reliability and

transparency of organizational operations;

· Find out how auditing contributes to the efficiency and effectiveness of internal processes.

· Analyse the integration of auditing into Corporate Governance processes;

· Identify the contribution of internal audit in creating solid and responsible Corporate Governance structures;

· Explore the role of auditing in compliance with standards, laws and regulations;

· Identify the contribution of the audit to minimizing compliance risks;

· Analyse public responsibility and its relationship with organizational management;

· Explore how auditing responds to society’s diverse expectations regarding accountability;

· Examine accountability in internal and external audit;

· Assess the role of supervisory entities in audit accountability;

· Identify the profile, skills and characteristics of auditors in an accountability context;

· Analyse how the auditor’s profile can influence confidence in audits.

· Examine how internal auditing can help Corporate Governance in managing organizational risks;

· Integrate corporate social responsibility principles into auditing and accountability practices;

· Analyse the role of reporting, financial and non-financial, in accountability and transparency;

· Identify the auditor’s responsibility in communicating results and recommendations;

· Examine the company’s contribution to preventing, detecting and responding to activities considered fraudulent;

· Analyse the auditor’s responsibility in identifying signs of fraud.

Skills to acquire:

· Demonstration of a solid understanding of the concepts of audit, accountability and risk management;

· Knowledge and application of standards, laws and regulations relevant to internal and external auditing;

· Ability to question and critically evaluate organizational practices and audit processes;

· Ability to understand the audit in the context of risk management, proposing appropriate recommendations;

· Ability to carry out critical analyses related to accountability, risk and fraud management;

· Ability to make informed and assertive decisions based on audit conclusions;

· Ability to communicate audit results clearly, concisely and accurately;

· Effective collaboration with other functions, inside and outside the organization, to promote a culture of environmental, social and Governance responsibility.

1. The importance of auditing in organizations
1.1 Compliance assurance
1.2 Transparency, integrity and efficiency of internal processes
2. The audit in Corporate Governance
2.1 Organizational culture
2.2 Reputation risk
2.3 Accountability of the management body
2.4 Audit independence
3. Audit and compliance
3.1 Critical analysis of the audit in compliance with rules and regulations
3.2 Challenges and contributions of internal auditing to compliance
4. Auditing and Accountability
4.1 Accountability and management
4.2 Accountability in society and expectations gap
4.3 Accountability in internal and external audit
4.4 Accountability and audit oversight entities

5. The auditor’s profile in the face of Accountability challenges
5.1 Hard skills and soft skills of the auditor
5.2 Corporate Governance Accountability
6. Audit based on risk management
6.1 The COSO / ERM models
6.2 Challenges of Artificial Intelligence
7. Reporting and audit responsibility
7.1 The role of auditing in the reporting process
7.2 Characteristics and types of reports
7.3 Confidentiality and information security
8. Accountability and fraud
8.1 Auditor’s accountability in the context of fraud
8.2 Organizational culture and Corporate Governance Accountability
8.3 The international fraud observatory – ACFE

NAO

Basic

Almeida, B. J. (2022). Manual de Auditoria Financeira – Uma Análise Integrada Baseada no Risco (4.ª ed.). Lisboa: Escolar Editora.

Calagna, K., Cassidy, B., & Park, A. (2021). APLICANDO O FRAMEWORK E OS PRINCÍPIOS DO COSO PARA AJUDAR A IMPLANTAR E DIMENSIONAR A INTELEGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL. Obtido de www.COSO.org:

https://www.coso.org/_files/ugd/3059fc_a0354c58f2944b0fafba1e8a60170975.pdf

Código de Governo das Sociedades Comerciais (2023). Lisboa: IPCG..

COSO (2017). ERM Framework Update – Enterprise Risk Management – Integrated Framework.

International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board. (2019). Manual de Normas Internacionais de Controlo de Qualidade, Auditoria, Revisão, Outros Trabalhos de Garantia de Fiabilidade e Serviços Relacionados (Vol. 1). Lisboa: Ordem dos Revisores Oficiais de Contas.

Morais, G., & Martins, I. (2013). Auditoria Interna, função e processo (4.ª ed.). Lisboa: Áreas Editora.

Tribunal de Contas. (2016). Manual de Auditoria: Princípios fundamentais. Lisboa.

Tribunal de Contas. (2016). Manual de Auditoria de Resultados. Lisboa.

Complementary

Alves, J. J. (2015). Princípios e prática de auditoria e revisão de contas. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo, Lda.
Azevedo, C. (2013). Manual de Governo – O desafio da liderança nas organições do Terceiro Setor em Portugal . Lisboa: Positivagenda – Edições Periódicas e Multimédia, Lda.
Câmara, P. (2011). O Governo das Organizações – A vocação universal do corporate governance. Coimbra: Edições Almedina, SA.
Committtee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), (2004), Gestión de Riesgos Corporativos – Marco Integrado. Instituto de Auditores Internos de Espana.
Coopers & Lybrand (1997), Los Nuevos Conceptos del Control Interno (Informe COSO), Díaz de Santos, Madrid.
Costa, C. B. (2017). Auditoria Financeira . Teoria e Prática (11.ª ed.). Lisboa: Rei dos Livros.
Escribano, M. F. (2013). Manual de Auditoría Pública. PAMPLONA (NAVARRA): LEX NOVA.
Gonçalves, C., & Carreira, F. (2012). O Comportamento Ético e o Profissional de Contabilidade. Lisboa: Áreas Editora

International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) (2010), Guide to using International Standards on Auditing

in the audits of Small- and medium- sized entities, Implementation Guide.
International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) (2010) IFAC Handbook, Technical Pronouncements, International Federation of Accountants, New York.
Marques, M. C. (2014). Os Indicadores de Gestão nas Universisdades Públicas Portuguesas: uma metodologia para análise da sua eficiência. Loulé: Sílabas & Desafios, Unipessoal Lda.
Martins, I. (2014). O Contributo da Auditoria Interna para o Governo das Sociedades. Tese de Doutoramento em Gestão de Empresas, Especialização em Contabilidade, Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Economia, Coimbra.
Neves, J. (2014). Introdução à Ética Empresarial. Principia Editora.
Oliveira, A. P. (2017). Manual de Governo das Sociedades. Coimbra: Edições Almedina, SA.
Pinto, J. C. (2014). A Emergência e o Futuro do Corporate Governance em Portugal. Coimbra: Almedina.
Pinto, J. C. (2018). A Emergência e o Futuro do Corporate Governance em Portugal (Vol. II). LIsboa: CGOV.
Rodrigues, R. A., & Soares, J. L. (2017). Insider Trading – do crime de abuso de informação privilegiada. Porto:
Vida Económica – Editorial, SA.
Shiller, R. J. (2015). A ÉTICA DAS FINANÇAS. Lisboa: Bertrand Editora.
Valderrama, J. L., & Riquelme, M. A. (2017). Teoría y práctica de la auditoría I – Concepto y metodología (7.ª ed.). Madrid: Ediciones Pirámide.
Valderrama, J. L., & Riquelme, M. A. (2017). Teoría y práctica de la auditoría II – Análisis de áreas y casos prácticos (7.ª ed.). Madrid: Pirámide.