Clinical Audiology I

It is recommended that the student has already acquired notions of anatomy and physiology, in curricular
units from previous years in the course of study of the Audiology course, in order to be able to follow the
teaching of the various subjects, where, for the understanding of the techniques used, it is necessary to
understand the anatomy and physiology underlying the assessment methodology.

Lectures on TP contents integrating practical contents through exercises. Practical classes with the
application of different TP knowledge in the Audiology laboratory, where it is
intended that students acquire knowledge of the techniques and test methodologies taught in the T/P
component.
Making exercise sheets.

Acquire the basic concepts to understand the processing of auditory information.
Identify the prevalence and incidence of hearing loss understanding the impact of changes
in the lives of the members, differentiating by age.
Identify the appropriate methods for the assessment of the auditory system, according to the structures
evaluated, taking into account the functions and objectives of the evaluation.
Identify and analyze the types and degrees of hearing loss, knowing the symbols, and methods of simple
pure tone audiogram (without masking).
Interpret and understand an Impedance clinic, understanding the role of the ear
medium in the auditory process and its functions related to processing skills.
information.
Identify the structures and mechanisms involved in the process of generating Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE).
Choose a choice, according to the clinical hypotheses, age and means available, the types
of OAE to be used.

1. Presentation and marking of evaluation dates and parameters (2 hours).
2. Prevalence and impact of Hearing Loss from birth to old age (2 hours).
– Definition of Audiology; Classification of tests according to the characteristics of the signal and response:
Physiological; Electrophysiological and Behavioral.
– Validity and reliability of answers. – Factors that influence the nature of hearing loss.
3. Simple Tonal Audiometry: Notion of auditory threshold.
– Pure Sounds: Physical description of the wave and associated wave motion (simple harmonic motion).
Physical notions of frequency and intensity and associated units (Hertz and dB).
Range of human audible frequencies. Frequencies normally studied in hearing assessment in pure tone
audiometry. Description of dB types (2 Hours).
4. Assessment of the Auditory System: Sound conduction pathways: Bone and air. Isolated acoustic
environments.Types, components and transducers of Audiometers. ANSI, ISO and IEC standards for the
calibration of audiometers and acoustic immittance instruments. ANSI reference standards for the thresholds of different transducers (2 hours).
5. Simple Tonal Audiometry: Hearing Threshold Calculation – Carhart-Jerger Techniques and ANSI 2004 and
2005 guidelines. Symbols in simple tonal audiogram.
Procedures/factors that can influence the hearing threshold. Comparison of Airway and Boneway Thresholds
– conductive and sensory mechanisms. Bing, Rinne and Weber test. Air-Bone GAP. Type and degree of
hearing loss – BIAP, 1997 (2 hours).;
– Worksheet (2 hours).
6. Work Presentation – Health and Safety Rules and Care in the workplace (2 hours).
7. Otoscopy (2 hours).
8. External Auditory Channel Impedance – Resonance frequency. Functions of the ossicle system.
Tympanic membrane geometry and oval window.
Notions of Immittance, Admittance and Acoustic Acoustic Impedance. Impedancemeter. ANSI Calibration
Standards for Impedancemeters. Impedance and pressure variations – Tympanogram. Types and factors to
consider in the Tympanogram (2 Hours).
9. Notion of Acoustic Reflexes. Importance in differential diagnosis. Muscles and enervation involved.
Functions and theories of this mechanism.
Functions in auditory processing. Ipsilateral and Contralateral Reflexes. Reflex Arc of Acoustic Reflexes –
Contralateral and ipsilateral pathways and structures involved Advantages of reflexes. Tested frequencies
and intensities (2 hours).
10. Effects of age on acoustic reflexes Analysis of pathologies and expected results in acoustic reflexes –
Decay reflex – Tubal function tests – Closed tympanum: Valsalva and Toynbee; open tympanum: Holmquist (2
hours).
11. Acoustic Otoemissions Types of Otoemissions – Evoked and spontaneous. Acquisition parameters and
response analysis. Stimulation parameters. Protocols to be used in diagnosis and screening of adults and
children; – Factors to be taken into account in the acquisition and regions involved in capturing Otoacoustic
Emissions. – Clinical applications (6 hours)
12. Clarification of doubts, and T/P evaluation (2 hours) .
– Practical classes: Students will be divided into groups.

NAO

Main Bibliography:
Bess, Fred, H.; Humes, Larry (2008). Audiology: the fundamentals (4a ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins.
Gelfand, S. (2016). Essentials of Audiology (4rd Ed.). New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Hall, James. W. (2000). Handbook of Otoacoustic Emissions. Canada: Singular Publish Group – Thompson
Katz, J. (2014). Handbook of clinical audiology (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Reis, J.L. (2002). Surdez, Diagnostico E Reabilitação. Lisboa: Servier.
Robinette, M; Glattket, T. (2007). Otoacoustic Emissions, Clinical Aplications. New York: Thieme Medical
Publishers, Inc.

Secondary Bibliography:
Kramer, Steven ; Guhrie, Lesli (2008). Audiology workbook. San Diego : Plural PublishingRuah, S. ; Ruah, C.B.
(1998). Manual De Otorrinolaringologia. Lisboa: Roche.Valente, M.; Hosford-Dunn; H. e Roeser. R. (2007).
Audiology – Diagnosis. (2ª Ed.) New York: Thieme Medical
Publishers, Inc.
Weinstein, B.E. (2012). Geriatric Audiology. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Yost, W. (2014). Fundamentals of Hearing: An Introduction. (5th ed.) Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic
Press, Elsevier, Inc