Clinical Audiology II

It is recommended that students have already acquired knowledge in the area of anatomy and physiology of
the auditory system, as well as basic knowledge of the auditory system assessment procedures, namely at
the level of Simple Tonal Audiogram, Otoacoustic Emissions, Impedance. etc.

Lectures on TP contents integrating practical contents through exercises. Practical classes with the
application of different TP knowledge in the Audiology laboratory and also in a hospital context, where it is
intended that students acquire knowledge of the techniques and test methodologies taught in the T/P component.
Resolution of practical exercises during T/P classes.
Conducting a group work on the analysis and relationship of clinical cases.

Understand the importance of analyzing sensory and conductive mechanisms in performing the ATS.
Importance of masking;
Importance of the auditory process in speech and to identify the different perception assessment methods
speech, adapting them according to age standards, technical and behavioral conditions.
Identify the high frequency ATS as a complement to the information accessible by the pure tone audiogram
simple and understanding its role in monitoring and early identification of code change.
Identify the various supraliminal methods of the exploration site.
Relate and understand how in the processing of auditory information, changing the possible locations
of the injury through the interpretation of the results obtained in the different tests.
Understand clinical cases through the study of clinical changes.

2 hours
– Presentation and marking of dates and evaluation parameters
9 hours
– Masking – The clinical need for masking.
Threshold changes – Phantom curves.
Masking rules for the airway and for the bone pathway.
Masking using the American method.
Definition of Interaural Attenuation, Central Mask and Occlusion Effect and their importance in masking.
ANSI recommendations for bone pathway masking.
Definition of Undermasking, Plateau , Overmasking and minimum and maximum level of masking.
The bone pathway masking dilemma: What to do?
Masking using the French method and the Optimized method.
6 hours
Worksheets
2 hours
– Exposure to noise
Characterization and definition of types of noise.
Effects of noise on hearing according to the type, intensity and duration of exposure.
Characteristics of hearing loss due to noise exposure: Temporary, Permanent Hearing Loss and Acoustic
Trauma.
Physiology of hearing loss: Cellular and chemical mechanisms.
Ear protection mechanisms.
2 hours
– Characterization of Professional Deafness- Main characteristics.
Physiology of Hearing Loss from Noise Exposure
Prevention: Screening and Diagnosis in an Industrial environment – Tests to be carried out and BIAP
recommendations.
– International Hearing Conservation Programs.
Norms and legislation in Portugal on professional deafness.
4 hours
– Vocal audiometry – historical perspective.
– The importance of understanding and expressing speech.
– Need to assess speech perception – Vocal Audiometry.
Assessment objectives and main factors to consider: age, time available and assessment objective.
– Stages of auditory processing involved in speech processing according to detection and discrimination.
Threshold definition in vocal audiometry – SRT, SDT and Intelligibility Curves.
Ascending and Descending Methods according to ASHA.
Calibration Rules and Test Parameters.
Clinical Applications.
Lists of Monosyllables and Dissyllables for children and adults – Importance of phonetic balance.
Rollover definition and type of curves obtained.
– Masking rules and procedures according to the most used methods.
6 hours
– Behavioral assessment of the lesion site.
Cochlear function assessment tests
Retrocochlear function assessment tests
2 hours
– High frequency audiometry
Assessment objectives. Diagnostic advantages in monitoring and early identification. Possible electroacoustic
limits.
– Otoemissions by Suppression
Efferent System Physiology and test parameters according to the type of otoemission studied.
Clinical importance of the study of the efferent system. Clinical applications.
2 hours
– Acuphenometry
Meaning of Tinnitus.
Classification and Etiology of Tinnitus.
Methods of performing acuphenometry according to unilaterality or bilaterality.
8 hours
– Preparation of Clinical cases.
– Presentation and discussion of clinical cases.
2 hours
– Clarification of doubts and TP evaluations

NAO

Main Bibliography:
Bess, Fred, H.; Humes, Larry (2008). Audiology: the fundamentals (4a ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins.
British Society of Audiology. (2004). Recommended procedure – Pure tone air and bone conduction
threshold audiometry with and without masking and determination of uncomfortable loudness levels.
Retrieved from http://www.thebsa.org.uk/docs/RecPro/PTA .pdf disponibilizado pela docente
Gelfand, S. (2016). Essentials of Audiology (4rd Ed.). New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Hall, James. W. (2000). Handbook of Otoacoustic Emissions. Canada: Singular Publish Group – Thompson
Learning.
Hall, James W. III, De Wet Swanepoel. (2010) Objective assessment of hearing. San Diego ; Oxford : Plural
Publishing.
Katz, J. (2014). Handbook of clinical audiology (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Robinette, M; Glattket, T. (2007). Otoacoustic Emissions, Clinical Aplications. New York: Thieme Medical
Publishers, Inc.
Valente, M.; Hosford-Dunn; H. e Roeser. R. (2007). Audiology – Diagnosis. (2ª Ed.) New York: Thieme Medical
Publishers, Inc.

Secondary Bibliography:
BlUESTONE, Charles D. (2003). Pediatric Otolaryngology. (Volume 2). Gulf Professional Publishing.
Kramer, Steven ; Guhrie, Lesli (2008). Audiology workbook. San Diego: Plural Publishing
Reis, J.L. (2002). Surdez, Diagnostico E Reabilitação. Lisboa: Servier.
Stach, Brad A, & Ramachandran, Virginia (2017). Clinical Audiology: An Introduction (Third Edition). San
Diego: Plural Publishing. I
Ruah, S. ; Ruah, C.B. (1998). Manual De Otorrinolaringologia. Lisboa: Roche.
Weinstein, B.E. (2012). Geriatric Audiology. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Yost, W. (2014). Fundamentals of Hearing: An Introduction. (5th ed.) Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic
Press, Elsevier, Inc