Clinical-Laboratorial Microbiology I

Biology and Genetics

The theoretical component, although predominantly expository, in order to provide the information inherent to the topics to be addressed, also intends to explore, whenever appropriate, the intervention of students and the discussion of topics, or clinical cases, as long as they are relevant to the themes to be addressed to develop. In the Laboratory-Practice component, the individual application of the planned laboratory procedures will be predominant. The observed results will be discussed and evaluated in groups.

It is intended that the student acquires knowledge about:

• Concepts necessary for the study of microorganisms • The main taxonomic groups of the relevant bacteria in Clinical Microbiology, their specific characteristics and respective laboratory characterization • Antimicrobials and resistance phenomena

 It is also intended that the student is able to:

• Carry out microscopic observation of microorganisms • Perform cultural tests for the laboratory study of bacteria with the greatest clinical impact • Proceed with bacterial laboratory identification • Carry out antimicrobial susceptibility testing

 The student must also acquire skills to:

• Choose the laboratory procedures that, according to each situation and available resources, can best contribute to the intended objective • Recognize the advantages and disadvantages inherent to the procedures applied • Relate the knowledge acquired with the syllabus to be developed in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory course II

Theoretical Program

 1-Introduction to Clinical Microbiology

     A. Classification, structure and bacterial replication

     B. Metabolism and bacterial genetics

     C. Relationship between human and their microbiota

     D. Basic concepts of the immune response to microorganisms

2-Bacteriology

    A. Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis

    B. Reference to the most clinically relevant bacteria, their characteristics and associated pathologies:- Gram positive cocci: Staphylococcus and related microorganisms; Streptococcus / Enterococccus– Gram negative bacilli: Enterobacteriacceae; Pseudomonas; other less common- Gram negative cocci– Gram positive bacilli– Anaerobes- Mycobacteria

    C. Methodologies for bacterial identification

    D. Antibacterial agents and resistance mechanisms

 Laboratory Practice Program

1-Microscopic observation of microorganisms and staining techniques usual in clinical microbiology: GRAM, Zhiel-Neelsen… 2-Preparation of culture media. Procedures for carrying out cultural examinations 3-Strategies for the detection, culture and differentiation of the most relevant bacteria in Clinical Microbiology – classic biochemical tests. 4- Bacterial identification strategies 5- Antimicrobial susceptibility tests

NAO

Primary References

Microbiologia – volumes I (1998), II (2000) e III (2002). W.F. Canas Ferreira, J.C. de Sousa. Lidel – Edições técnicas,
Lisboa, Portugal.
Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 10ª edição, 2003. M.T.Mandigan, J.M. Martinko, J. Parker. Pearson Education Inc,
New Jersey, USA.
Microbiologia, 6ª edição, 2000. G.J.Tortora, B.R. Funke, C.L. Case. Artes Médicas Editora (ARTMED), Porto Alegre,
Brazil.
Microbiologia Médica, 5ª edição, 2006. P.R. Murray, K.S. Rosenthal, M.A. Pfauer. Graficas Muriel S.A., Espanha.
Microbiologia, 2010. W. F. Canas Ferreira, J. C. de Sousa e N. Lima. Lídel – Edições Técnicas. Lisboa. Portugal