Crop Pest and Diseases

Biology

1. Presentation classes and discussion of theoretical concepts, by the teacher and the students.

2. Field classes in ESAC farm to contact with enemies of cultures and to recognize their effects on crops.

3. Laboratory classes to develop methodologies of diagnosis used in Plant Protection and Plant Pathology, identify symptoms,
enemies and beneficial organisms present an discussion of results.

4. Research of literature on topics of the CU and their presentation by the students.

1. Know the basic concepts of Plant Protection and Phytopathology.

2. Know the effects caused by crop enemies and their importance.

3. Know and identify the main enemies of crops and the factors that contribute to their dissemination.

1. Basic concepts in Plant Protection and Phytopathology and effects caused by enemies on crops 

    Crop enemies and importance of damage caused.

    Plant Pathology. Definitions and concepts. Plant diseases and their development. Parasitic specialization. 

    Symptomatology and Diagnosis. Plant resistance mechanisms to the enemies. 

2. Identification of the main crop enemies and the factors that contribute to their dissemination. 

    Phytopathological Virology. General characteristics of phytopathogenic viruses and viroids. Nomenclature and classification. Transmission and dissemination. Diagnosis. Examples of viruses of great economic importance. 

      Phytopathological Mycology. Characteristics of phytopathogenic fungi. Reproduction and Classification. Biological cycles. Diagnosis. Examples of diseases of great economic importance caused by fungi.

      Phytopathological Bacteriology. Bacteria and molicutes. Morphology and constitution. Classification and characterization. Diagnosis of bacteriosis. Biological cycles of phytopathogenic bacteria of great economic importance.  

    Phytopathological Nematology. Characterization and identification. Classification. Bioecology. Diagnosis. Biological cycles of the most important phytoparasitic nematodes. 

    Agricultural Entomology and Acarology. Economic importance of arthropods in griculture. External morphology, anatomy and physiology. Reproduction and classification. Characterization of orders of agronomic interest. Biological cycle of species of greater economic importance. 

    Herbology. Weed definition and concept. Damages and beneficial effects. Classification. Bioecology. Most important species.

NAO

A.C.T.A. (1990). Guide Pratique de Défense des Cultures. 3ed. Paris.

AGRIOS, G. N. (2005). Plant Pathology. Academic Press, Inc. London.

BERGAMIN FILHO, A., KIMATI, H. e AMORIM, L. (1995). Manual de Fitopatologia. Princípios e Conceitos. 3ª Edição. Agronómica Ceres. Brasil.

BOVEY, R. (1979). La Défense des Plantes Cultiveés. 7ed. Payot Lausanne, Paris.

DGAV (2013). Plano de Ação Nacional para o Controlo da Flavescência Dourada da Videira. Ministério da Agricultura, Mar, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território. Lisboa.

DGAV (2014). Plano de Ação Nacional para o Controlo do Fogo Bacteriano. Ministério da Agricultura e do Mar. Lisboa.

DGAV (2016). Plano de Contingência para o Controlo de Candidatus Liberibacter spp. e seus vetores. Ministério da Agricultura, Florestas e Desenvolvimento Rural. Lisboa.

DGAV (2017). Plano de Ação Nacional para Controlo do inseto Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Ministério da Agricultura, Florestas e Desenvolvimento Rural. Lisboa.

DGAV (2022). Plano de Ação Nacional para Controlo do inseto Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Ministério da Agricultura. Lisboa.

FOX, R. T.V. (1993) Principles of Diagnostic Techniques in Plant Pathology. CAB NTERNATIONAL.

GUIMARÃES, J. M. (1986). Apontamentos de Entomologia Agrícola. I.P.C.B., E.S.A. Castelo Branco.

MARÍ, F. G., CLIMENT, J. M. L., COMELLES, J. C. e PÉREZ, F. F. (1991). Ácaros de las Plantas Cultivadas y su Control Biológico. Pisa Ediciones, Valencia.

MOREIRA, I., BOULET, C., ZARAGOZA, C. e TALEB, A. (1986). Ervas daninhas das vinhas e pomares. I.S.A. Lisboa.

STRANGE, R. N. (2003). Introduction to Plant Pathology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England.