Base Knowledge
Basic knowledge of Biology.
Teaching Methodologies
– Use of multimedia resources for expositive and interactive lectures.
– Observation of histological slides or their image for familiarization with the different histological types.
– Possibility of study visits to routine or research laboratories for contact with different equipment/microscopes used in histological study or with the different techniques used in human differentiation and development.
– Indication of a list of recommended bibliography for the discipline at the beginning of the academic year.
– Availability of class recordings from the previous academic year.
– Availability of attendance at the Institution at a time set every semester, or to be arranged with the student.
Learning Results
– With this course unit the learner is expected to acquire and apply skills in order to integrate knowledge with other areas of biological sciences, such as physiology or genetics.
– The student must acquire knowledge of the different stages of embryonic development; the destiny of the germ layers and differentiation of the various structures; and the morphology and function of the different types of tissues and systems that constitute the human body.
– This course unit also aims to provide the student with skills to recognize and apply concepts and principles of general embryology and histology;
– identify and describe the events that characterize the successive stages of embryonic development; present the various tissues based on their specific characteristics and functions
Program
EMBRIOLOGY:
1 – Introduction to Human Embryology – 1h
Stages of human development. Importance of embryology.
2 – Human Reproduction – 3h
Male and female reproductive organs. Gametogenesis: spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
3 – First week of embryonic development – 2h
Fertilization. The segmentation of the zygote. Blastocyte formation. trophiblasm.
4 – Second week of embryonic development – 2h
End of the implantation. Formation of the amniotic cavity, embryonic disk and yolk sac. Development of the chorionic sac.
5 – Third week of embryonic development – 4h
Gastrulation, neurulation. Development of the somites.
6 – Period of the organogenese – 2h
Stages of the embryonic development (growth, morphogenesis, differentiation). Embryonic development from the fourth to the eighth week.
7 – Fetal period – 2h
General aspects of embryonic development from the ninth week to birth.
8 – Pharyngeal apparatus – 2h
Pharyngeal arches, pharyngeal pouches, pharyngeal grooves and pharyngeal membranes. Components of the pharyngeal arch and its fate.
9 – Observation of the embryonic development of birds. – 2h
10 – Embryonic development of the ear – 8h
10.1- Internal ear:
Origin and development: optic vesicle; membranous labyrinth; utricular part (utricle, semicircular ducts, endolymphatic duct); saccular part (saccules, cochlear duct); spiral ganglion; bony labyrinth; tympanic scale; vestibular scale.
10.2 – Middle ear:
Fallopian tube. Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes). Fifth cranial nerve (ncv) and seventh cranial nerve (ncvii).
10.3 – External ear:
External auditory canal. Eardrum and its origin. Auricula (auricular protrusions). The trigemius (ncv).
Histology:
Introduction to Human Histology – 1h
1 – Optical microscope and histological techniques – 2h
1.1 – Microscopic observation of different human tissues – 2h
2 – Classification of tissue
2.1 – Epithelial tissue – 3h
Lining epithelium, glandular epithelium. Endocrine and exocrine glands.
2.2 – Connective tissue – 3h
Morphological and functional characteristics of collagen, elastic and reticular fibers.
2.2.1 – Description of the varieties of connective tissue: lax, dense modeled and dense not modeled.
2.2.2 – General characteristics of the connective tissues with special properties: elastic tissue, reticular tissue, mucous tissue and unilocular and multilocular adipose tissue.
Functions of adipose tissue.
2.3 – Cartilage tissue – 1h
Histological and functional characteristics of cartilage: hyaline, elastic and fibrous. The perichondrium.
2.4 – Bone tissue – 2h
Functions of bone tissue. Characterization of the cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts). Primary bone tissue and secondary bone tissue. Havers’ system. Ossification: intramembranous and endochondral.
2.5 – Muscle tissue – 3h
General characteristics and histological organization of muscle tissue varieties (striated skeletal, cardiac striatum and smooth muscle).
2.6 – Nervous tissue – 4h
Central and peripheral nervous system. Morphological and functional classification of the neuron. Structure and function of glial cells. Synapses. Myelinic and amyelinic nerve fibers.
3 – Histological development of the ear – 8 h
3.1 – External ear: ear pinna. External ear canal. Eardrum membrane. Glands.
3.2 – Middle ear: ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
3.3 – Internal ear: bony labyrinth. Membranous labyrinth. Saccules and utricle (macula). Semicircular ducts (ampullary crests). Endolymphatic sac and duct. Cochlea. Spiral organ of Corti.
The no. of lectures/hours missing are for presentation and assessment.
Curricular Unit Teachers
Internship(s)
NAO
Bibliography
Primary bibliography:
– Junqueira, L.C.; Carneiro, J. 2004. Histologia Básica 10ª Ed. Editora Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro.
– Wheater, P. R., et al. Histologia Funcional. Editora Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro.
– Azevedo C.; Sunkel, CE. 2012. Biologia Celular. 5ª Ed. Lidel, Edições Técnicas, Lisboa.
– Moore, K.L.; Persaud, T.V.N. 2000. Embriologia Básica. 5ª Ed. Editora Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro.
– Sadler, T.W. 2013. Langman – Embriologia Médica. 12ª Ed. NOVA GUANABARA. Brasil
– Herdman, S.J. 2002. Reabilitação Vestibular. 2ª Ed. Editora Manole Ltda. São Paulo.
– Ruah, S.A.B. & Ruah, C.B. Manual de Otorrinolaringologia. Volume II. Editora Roche Farmacêutica Química, Lda. ISBN 972-8454-01-5.
– STEPHENS, Dafydd; JONES, Lesley, ed. lit. – The effects of genetic hearing impairment in the family. Chichester : John Wiley & Sons, cop. 2006. xiv, [2], 359 p. ISBN 978-0-470-02964-0
– Roeser, R.J., Valente, M.; Hosford-Dunn, H. Audiology: Diagnosis 2nd Ed. New York. Thieme. 2007. ISBN 978-1-58890-542-0. 100-121.
Secondary bibliography:
– Schoenwolf, G. & Bleyl, S. & Brauer, P. & Francis-West, P. 2014. Larsen’s Human Embryology, 5th Ed. Elsevier – Churchill Livingstone. USA.
– Romero, MEC; Salcedo, PGH; Dorado, AM; Tomazini Ortiz, PG. 2005. Embriologia: biologia do desenvolvimento. 1ª Ed. 2005. Iátria, São Paulo. ISBN: 85-7614-033-0