Base Knowledge
Circuit Analysis Theory, Electric Power Systems, Power Systems Analysis
Teaching Methodologies
The teaching methodologies, that promote active and collaborative learning, follow a temporal sequence that enables students to acquire theoretical concepts, solve a set of exercises and carry out practical case studies.
Learning Results
Goals
The main goals of this course unit are:
− To understand the causes and effects of power quality problems such as harmonic generation, losses due
to harmonics, origin of single-time events such as voltage sags, voltage reductions, and outages;
− To understand the fundamentals of power quality issues and how to solve specific problems;
− To know how to perform power quality monitoring;
− To understand the Power Quality Standards;
− To evaluate the reliability of an electric power system.
Skills
At the end of this course unit the learner is expected to be able:
− To manage, design, implement and maintain electrical power systems;
− To understand how to function as part of a multidisciplinary team, both as a leader and team member;
− To design and conduct experiments and to analyze and interpret data;
− To identify, formulate and solve engineering problems;
− To communicate in a professional and technical manner, both in written and oral form, the subjects related to this course.
Program
Program Contents
1. Electric Power Quality: Definition of Power Quality, Power Quality Progression, Power Quality
Terminology, Classification of power quality issues, Responsibilities of the Suppliers, and Users of Electrical
Power, The Cost of Poor Power Quality
2. Electrical power quality problems: Interruption, voltage sag and swell, undervoltage, overvoltage, voltage
unbalance, waveform distortion, voltage fluctuation, power frequency variations, transient overvoltage; Sags
and Interruptions, Sources of Sags and Interruptions, Estimating Voltage Sag Performance, Fundamental
Principles of Protection, Case Studies; Transient Overvoltages, Sources of Transient Overvoltages, Principles
of Overvoltage Protection, Devices for Overvoltage Protection, Case Studies; Long-Duration Voltage
Variations, Principles of Regulating the Voltage, Devices for Voltage Regulation, Utility Voltage Regulator
Application, Capacitors for Voltage Regulation, Regulating Utility Voltage with Distributed Resources, Flicker,
Case Studies; Harmonic Distortion, Harmonic Distortion Evaluations, Harmonic Sources from Commercial
Loads and from Industrial Loads, Locating Harmonic Sources, Effects of Harmonic Distortion, Interharmonics,
Principles for Controlling Harmonics, Devices for Controlling Harmonic Distortion, Harmonic Filter Design,
Case Studies, Standards of Harmonics; Power Quality Improvement
3. Power Quality Standards and Acceptability Curves
4. Power Quality Monitoring: Power Quality Measuring Instruments and Equipment, Assessment of Power
Quality Measurement Data, Power Quality Monitoring Standards
5. Power Systems Reliability: Introduction, Reliability Functions, System Reliability Analysis, Time-based
reliability Assessment, Markov Modelling for Reliability Analysis, Frequency and Duration Methods
6. Case Studies
Curricular Unit Teachers
Internship(s)
NAO
Bibliography
Mandatory literature
Available in the ISEC library:
Dugan, R. C., McGranaghan, M. F., & Beaty, H. W. (1996). Electrical Power Systems Quality. McGraw-Hill. (Cota:1-2-233)
Allan, R. N., & Billinton, R. (1996). Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems (2nd ed.). Plenum Press. (Cota: 1-2-288)
Available online:
Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços Energéticos (2021). Regulamento da Qualidade de Serviço e Manual de Procedimentos da Qualidade de Serviço, Regulamento n.º 406/2021, de 12 de maio. ERSE. (Available at: https://www.erse.pt/atividade/regulamentos-eletricidade/qualidade-de-servico/)
E-REDES (EDP Distribuição) & ISR (2005). Manual da Qualidade da Energia Elétrica. EDP. (Available at: https://www.e-redes.pt/sites/eredes/files/2019-02/manualqualidadeEnergiaEletrica.pdf)
Complementary Bibliography
Baggini, A. (2008). Handbook of Power Quality. Wiley-IEEE Press.
Kagan, N., Robba, E. J., & Schmidt, H. P. (2009). Estimação de Indicadores de Qualidade da Energia Elétrica. Editora Blucher.
Sivaraman, P., Holm-Nielsen, J. B., Sharmeela, C., & Sanjeevikumar, P. (2020). Power quality in modern Power Systems. Academic Press.
Available Support Material
Lecture notes, notes of practical classes and examples of practical exercises.