Radiobiology

It is important that the student has basic knowledge before attending this curricular unit that is sufficient to understand its contents. Thus, the knowledge of the curricular units of General Physiology, Biophysics, Introduction to Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy and Equipment and instrumentation in Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy become relevant for the understanding of the contents of the Curricular Unit of Radiobiology.

In this curricular unit the general structure of expository teaching methodologies in which the teacher explains the programmatic contents of the subject, using the illustration of the concepts presented with concrete examples. Our various topics covered will be presented in the form of case-problem challenges to students that will be solved and discussed in the classroom context.

In the context of the use of ionizing radiation in diagnosis and therapy in medical imaging and radiotherapy, it is essential to acquire knowledge and skills about its effects and how radiation deposits energy in biological environments. The curricular unit aims to provide the student with tools to understand and describe the underlying aspects of biological effects as a result of diagnostic and therapeutic activity using radiation, which includes the characterization of the different types of radiation, the effects of radiation at the cellular level and its repercussion.

– Identify, analyze and understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in normal cell function.

– Understand the interaction processes of radiation with biological matter.

– Understand the cellular dysfunction that occurs as a result of the action of radiation. Radiosensitivity of different cell types.

– Identify and characterize models of radiation effects at the cellular level.

– Know the different agents that alter the severity of radioinduced lesions.

– Know the biological effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, understanding the different types of radioinduced cell death

– Know the current legislation

Skills

– Be able to differentiate the different types of radiation and consequent biological effects

– Apply the knowledge acquired to the issue of radiation dosimetry and radioprotection

– Demonstrate adequate synthesis and communication skills

– Demonstrate essential skills for teamwork and knowledge of ethical and deontological notions underlying the relationship with colleagues, other professionals and patients

1. Cell Biology

Cell | Structure and Function | Cell Cycle | Cellular Repair Processes | Types of cell death

2. Interactions of radiation with matter

Physical, chemical and biological phases| Units of measurement |Linear energy transfer | Direct and Indirect Effects of Radiation

3. Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology

Effect of Radiation on DNA and Cell Cycle | | Radiation Effects on Embryonic Development | Radiation Effects on Different Tissues| Stochastic and Deterministic Effects Genetic and Somatic Effects | Acute and Chronic Effects | Relative biological efficiency | Bystander effect | Radioprotectors and radiosensitizers | 5 R’s

4. Cell survival models One-Tap, One-Tap Model | One Touch Multi-Target Model |Linear-Square Model | Linear-quadratic-cubic model | Models based on cell repair

5. Current legislation

NAO

Main Bibliography

Slides provided by the teachers Scientific articles provided by the professors

Radiobiology, Springer, 2023

LIMA, J. J. Pedroso de – Medical biophysics. Coimbra : Coimbra University Press, 2003. XVII, 844 p.. ISBN 972-8704-09-7

Basic Sciences of Nuclear Medicine, Khalil, Magdy M. (Ed.), Berlin, Springer 2011

Secondary Bibliography

Michael Joiner, Albert van der Kogel – Basic Clinical Radiobiology Fifth Edition, Hodder Education, Steve Forshie, 2018

Radiation biology of medical imaging, Charles A. Kelsey, Philip H. Heintz, Daniel J. Sandoval, Gregory D., Natalie L. Adolphi, Kimberly S. Paffett, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2014