Thermodynamics

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Theoretical classes with presentation and explanation of the essential part of the subjects covered. Students are motivated to further study these subjects, using the recommended bibliography and, eventually, other books or documents. Theoretical-practical problem solving classes with discussion of the studied applications. In some theoretical-practical classes, visits to the laboratories are made so that students get in touch with the most common thermodynamic systems. In both theoretical and theoretical-practical classes, students are asked about the possible applications of the principles and laws of Thermodynamics.

The main goal is to give students the basic scientific training in the area of energy systems, preparing them not only to solve problems related to any energy system but also to easily integrate the study of subsequent and related matters. The knowledge gained in this course will contribute significantly to students to acquire the following specific responsibilities: – Understand and know how to apply the laws of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, including the ability to conduct energetic balances; – Ability to size, install, operate and maintain HVAC and refrigeration systems; – Understanding the operation and be able to install, operate and maintain thermal machines in general and in particular internal combustion engines.

1. Introduction: Thermodynamic coordinates. Types of systems. Transformations and irreversibilities. 

2. Energy: Forms of energy. Transfer of energy. Work and Heat. The First Law of Thermodynamics.

3. Properties of Pure Substances: Phases of a pure substance. Phase changes. Diagrams p-T, T-h, T-v and p-v. Surface  p-v-T. Equations of perfect gases. Compressibility Factor.

4. Energetic Analysis of Closed Systems: Balance of energy. Internal Energy, Enthalpy and Specific Heat.

5. Open Systems Energy Analysis: Energy of a flowing fluid. Energy balance in stationary flow systems, in uniform flow systems and in other types of open systems.

6. The Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Principle of operation of the Thermal Machines. Yields and efficiencies. The Carnot cycle. The Carnot Principles.

NAO

Çengel, Yunus A., Boles, Michael A. – Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, McGraw-Hill.

Moran, M. J., Shapiro, H. N. – Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 5ª Edição, John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN: 0-470-03037-2.