Vibrações, Ondas e Ótica

Integrals and derivatives
Kinematics and Dynamics of the particle
Basic Concepts of Electromagnetism

The teaching methodology comprises lectures and theoretical-practical classes. In the lectures the concepts corresponding to the syllabus are presented orally, whenever possible, consolidated with an application example. In the theoretical-practical classes, the resolution of exercises to apply the knowledge acquired in the theoretical classes is done.

Acquisition of fundamental knowledge in the field of oscillations, from the ideal oscillator and simple harmonic motion (MHS), to the real oscillator, namely describing the effect of friction and the action of external forces, i.e., damped and forced oscillations.
To know the tools used to facilitate the analysis of the MHS superposition and how to apply them.
To master the concepts inherent to wave phenomena, in order to identify their various origins and characterize the progressive waves vs standing waves, as well as understand the propagation of sound waves, the meaning of the Doppler effect and the most fundamental notions related to the origin of ultrasound and its applications in the medical field.
To grasp the basics of geometric and wave optics, with an emphasis on technically and clinically relevant concepts.
Provide students with a first approach to optical instruments and the use of lasers in medicine and their main applications.

1. Oscillations. Simple harmonic motion. Superposition of two simple harmonic motions. Damped oscillations. Forced oscillations and resonance
2. Waves. Transverse and longitudinal waves. Travelling waves and wave superposition. Standing waves. Vibration normal modes. Sound. The Doppler effect. Ultrasound
3. Geometrical optics. The nature of light. Light absorption, reflection and refraction. Light propagation: ray of light, reversibility principle, real and virtual images.Mirrors and Diopters. Thin lenses amd group of lenses. Mirro and lenses aberrations and its correction.
4. Optical instruments. Fiber optics. Camera. The eye and the correction of vision defects. The magnifier, microscope and telescope.
5. Wave optics. Polarization: Malus and Brewster laws. Interference: from two coherent sources and in thin films. Diffraction: Huygens principle. Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction and Rayleigh criterion. Holography. LASERs and biomedical applications.

NAO

– Bueche, F. J., Hecht, E. (2001), Física, McGraw Hill Portugal, 9ª Edição
– Tipler, P. A. (2000), Física para cientistas e engenheiros, LTC-Livros Técnicos e Científicos Editora, 4ªEdição
– Sears, F., Zemansky M. W.,. Young, H. D. (1984), Física, LTC-Livros Técnicos e Científicos Editora, 2ª Edição
– Serway, R. A. (1996), Física, LTC-Livros Técnicos e Científicos Editora, 3ª Edição
– Pedroso de Lima, J. J. (2005), Biofísica Médica, Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra
– Costa, M. M. R. R., de Almeida, M. J. B. M. (1993). Fundamentos de Física. Coimbra: Almedina.
– Hecht, E. (1991). Óptica. Lisboa: Função Calouste Gulbenkian.
– Young, H. D., Freedman, R. A. (1996). University Physics, 9th edition. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
– Niemz, M. H. (2007). Laser-tissue interactions: fundamentals and applications, 3rd edition. Berlin: Springer.