Base Knowledge
The student must have the knowledge acquired in the Cardiac Ultrasonography 1 course.
Teaching Methodologies
In the theoretical aspect of teaching, a detailed presentation of the syllabus of the curricular unit is used, with an expository-active methodology appealing to the direct intervention of students, clearly favoring abundant iconography to the detriment of merely theoretical-descriptive teaching.
In the theoretical-practical aspect, presentation, discussion and technical reports of clinical cases will be carried out using images and videos.
On the practical side, priority is given to the practical execution of echocardiograms both in the School’s laboratory and in a hospital environment, since 4/5 of the practical classes will be taught by teachers with accumulation contracts in a health unit registered with ESTESc (Centro Hospitalar e University of Coimbra). The aim is to foster a close connection between the syllabus stated and the learning objectives proposed for the curricular unit in a real environment.
Learning Results
The student must acquire knowledge of:
• Cardiac ultrasound in the modes: M, two-dimensional, classical doppler and colour doppler, as well as transesophageal
echocardiography, stress echocardiography, contrast echocardiography and doppler tissue. They should also acquire basic knowledge of 3D echocardiography, intracoronary echocardiography and speckle tracking.The student must acquire skills for:
• Identify and describe the normal anatomic aspect of the observed structures.
• Identify and describe the echocardiographic patterns of pathologies taught
• Make the best echocardiographic plans for obtaining the diagnosis
• To report the observations made
The student must acquire competences of:
• Develop the ability to expand their knowledge in cardiac ultrasound
• Be able to identify the best option among the different possibilities that technology offers for the a better diagnosis
Program
1 -Infectious endocarditis
Pathophysiology of endocarditis. Clinical manifestations.
Echocardiographic characteristics of vegetation
Complications
2 –Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiomyopathies
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Obstructive and non-obstructive form. The presence of SAM and dynamic gradient.
Echocardiographic findings in:
Dilated cardiomyopathy,
Restrictive cardiomyopathy,
Infiltrative cardiomyopathy,
RV cardiomyopathy.
The uncompressed VE.
Arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia
3 –Diseases of pericardium
Pericarditis.
The pericardial effusion. The hemopericardium.
Echocardiographic signs of stroke and their quantification. Cardiac tamponade.
The preural effusion. Echocardiographic differences between pericardial and pleural effusion.
The cystic masses.
The pericardiocentesis.
Echocardiographic signs of constrictive pericarditis.
4 –Aortic diseases
Echocardiographic incidences for visualization of the aorta artery.
Measurements of the different segments of the aorta artery. The importance of ETE.
Aortic dilation. Debaley and Debakey classification.
The particular case of Marfan syndrome.
Plaques and thrombi in the aorta.
Aortic dissection.
Visualization and discussion of clinical cases.
5 –Masses and tumours
Structures that can simulate masses.
Benign and malignant tumors in the heart.
The particular case of myxoma.
Thrombi and cardiac masses.
6 –Congenital cardiopathies
The patent foramen ovale.
Types of CIA. Indirect signals. View of the Amplitzer prosthesis.
The membranous and muscular VSD.
OTHER CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES:
Patent ductus arteriosus.
Subortic and supra-aortic membranes
coarctation of the aorta
Ebstein’s disease
Color Triatriatum
Congenital valve stenoses.
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great vessels
single ventricle
7 –The echocardiogram in arterial hypertension.
The LV remodeling
Calculation of LV mass.
8 –New technologies in Echocardiography
Three-dimensional echocardiogram
Intracardiac echocardiography
Speckle Tracking
Portable echocardiography
Other echocardiographic techniques
Curricular Unit Teachers
Internship(s)
NAO
Bibliography
PRIMARY BIBLIOGRAPHY:
AMSTRONG, William F. ; RYAN, Thomas – Ecocardiografía de Feigenbaum . 7a ed. Barcelona (Espanha) : Wolters Kluwer Health Espanha / Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, cop. 2011. xvi, 784 p. ISBN 978-84-96921-82-5
ASSEF, Jorge Eduardo [et al.] – Ecocardiografia transesofágica : atlas-texto. Rio de Janeiro : Revinter, cop. 2000. 314, [14] p.. ISBN 85-7309-432-X
CARDIM, Nuno, ed. lit. – Ecocardiografia transtorácica. [1a ed.]. Lisboa ; Porto : Lidel, cop. 2009. XVI, 279 p. ISBN 978-972-757-525-1
GARCÍA FERNÁNDEZ, M.A. ; ZAMORANO, J. L. – Practica de la ecocardiografia de contraste. Madrid : ENE Ediciones, 1999. 355 p. ISBN 84-85395-57-3
MARWICK, Thomas H. ; YU, Cheuk-Man ; SUN, Jing Ping, ed. lit. – Myocardial imaging : tissue doppler and speckle tracking. 1st ed. Malden, Mass. : Blackwell Publishing, cop. 2007. xii, 321 p. ISBN 978-1-4051-6113-8
OTTO, Catherine M. – Fundamentos de ecocardiografia clínica. 3a ed. Rio de Janeiro : Elsevier, 2005. xvii, 487 p.. ISBN 978-85-352-1623-3
ROELANDT, J., ed. lit. – Color Doppler flow imaging and other advances in doppler echocardiography. Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1986. XI, 221 p. ISBN 0-89838- 806-6
SILVA, Carlos Eduardo Suaíde [et al.] – O ecocardiograma no apoio à decisão clínica. 3a ed. [S.l.] : Revinter, cop. 2003. 374 p. ISBN 85-7309-688-8
YUSTE, Pablo ; VARGAS BARRÓN, Jesus – Atlas color Doppler en cardiologia. Madrid : Norma, S.A., 1992. XI, 371, [5] p.. ISBN 84-7487-052-6
M. A. García-Fernández, J. L. Zamorano. Procedimientos en ecocardiografíA. Madrid ; Buenos Aires [etc] : McGraw-Hill, 2004
EUGENIO PICANO. Ecocardiografia de esfuerzo. Barcelona : Springer-Verlag Ibérica, cop. 1994
JAE K.OH, James B. Seward, A. Jamil Tajik. Ecocardiografia: Clínica Mayo. Rio de Janeiro : Medsi, cop. 1997
CATHERINE M OTTO. Clinical echocardiography. Philadelphia : Saunders/Elsevier, cop. 2009
CHATERINE M OTTO, Rebecca G. Schwaegler. Ecocardiografia : guia essencial. Rio de Janeiro : Saunders/Elsevier, cop. 2009
CHATERINE M OTTO. Fundamentos de ecocardiografia clínica. Rio de Janeiro : Elsevier, 2005
CHATERINE M OTTO, Ecocardiografia clínica práctica. Amsterdam ; Barcelona ; Beijing, etc. : Elsevier, 2010
M. A. GARCIA Fernández, J. J. Gómez de Diego. Guía de cuantificación en ecocardiografía . Salerno (Itália) : Momento Médico, cop. 2011
Ricardo Ronderos, Eduardo Escudero. Ecocardiografía transesofágica. Argentina : Data Visión, [199-?] (BMD – Biblioteca médica digital ; n.º 12
NISHATH QUADER, Majesh Makan, Julio E. Pérez. Manual Washington de ecocardiografía Barcelona : Wolters Kluwer, cop. 2017
CARLOS EDUARDO Suaide Silva. Ecocardiografía : principios y aplicaciones clínicas. Caracas : Amolca, 2010
M. A. GARCIA-Fernández, J. Zamora, J. Azevedo. Doppler tissue imaging : echocardiography. Madrid : McGaw-Hill, cop.1998
THOMAS H. Marwick, Cheuk-Man Yu, Jing Ping Sun. Myocardial imaging : tissue doppler and speckle tracking. Malden, Mass. : Blackwell Publishing, cop. 2007
CARLOS EDUARDO Suaide Silva. ECOCARDIOGRAFÍA. Principios y Aplicaciones Clínicas. Tomos 1 e 2. Revinter 2010
M.A. GARCIA Fernandez et al. DOPPLER TISSUE IMAGING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHYMcgraw-Hill
EUGENIO PICANO. STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY. 5ª ed 2009 Springer
NANDA – Domanski. ATLAS DE ECOCARDIOGRAFIA TRANSESOFAGICA 2ª ed. 2009. Editorial Amolca
AMUTHAN, V.BMANUAL OF 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY + 3 DVDS. 1ª ed. 2013
SECONDARY BIBLIOGRAPHY:
TZHAK Kronzon, Paul A. Tunick. Challenging cases in echocardiography. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, cop. 2005
CHATERINE M OTTO. TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY. W.B Saunders Company
PERRINO, A. – Reeves, S..A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY. 3ª ed. 2013 Lippincott