Pharmacology II

Anatomy and physiology I e II, Cellular and molecular biology, Biochemistry, Organic chemistry, Pharmaceutical chemistry, Pharmacology I 

The contents relating to modules 1-6 capitalize on fundamental knowledge of pharmacological sciences that is applied to the resolution of real cases, with the development of analytical and critical reasoning in Pharmacology. Module 7 advocates the objective application of knowledge in more complex situations, with the development of pharmacological skills in their practical dimensions and reinforcement of oral and written communication skills. The selected teaching methodologies (ME) combine pedagogical innovation strategies through moments of active learning, centered on the student, towards the promotion of the trilogy of knowledge in its dimensions of knowledge and skills.
Theoretical matrix (T):
ME1 – Interactive expository teaching through appropriate audiovisual means, with active moments of individual learning focused on solving pharmacological problems to apply knowledge: Mentimeter platform (Wordcloud, Q&A, Multiple Choice, Ranking tools)
ME2 – Interactive expository teaching through audiovisual media with active group learning moments centered on the analysis and discussion of scientific articles in the area for the application of knowledge: Jigsaw Activities
ME3 – Interactive expository teaching through audiovisual media with active group learning moments centered on the analysis and discussion of scientific articles in the area for the application of knowledge: Think-Pair-Share Activities
Practical matrix (P):
ME4 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented with the development of skills in analyzing and resolving practical cases in clinical trials
ME5 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented through the design, in groups, of a clinical trial protocol with identification of the comparator and establishment of non-inferiority, equivalence and superiority studies
ME6 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented through the participation of experts in the subject, in lectures organized for this purpose
ME7 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented with the conceptualization and development, in groups, of an explanatory Infographic for each project through the Canva platform
ME8 – Project-based teaching: practice is action-oriented with the presentation of the project developed in groups, in Pitch format, with a view to gaining oral communication skills in pharmacological sciences

Upon completion of this course, students are expected to be able to:
C1 – Interpret the mechanisms of action of pharmacologically active molecules that modulate: i) cardiovascular and renal systems, ii) hemostasis, iii) endocrine system, iv) digestive system, as well as v) antimicrobial and vi) antineoplastic drugs
C2 – Contextualize the origin of adverse effects and drug interactions of aforesaid drugs, applying algorithms of systemic reasoning while recognizing the complexity of modulation of physiological systems;
C3 – Apply the research and development process to drugs in the clinical phase of development, selecting the adequate protocols, focusing on the pharmacological aspect
C4 – Advance their analytical reasoning and criticism, as well as oral and written communication skills in pharmacological sciences, leveraging critical reasoning skills and collaborative dynamics through joint participation in problem solving.

1. Drugs that act on cardiovascular and renal systems
1.1. Antiarrhythmics
1.2. Beta blockers
1.3. Modulators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis
1.4. Diuretics
1.5. Nitrates
2. Drugs used for hemostasis regulation
2.1. Antiplatelets
2.2. Anticoagulants
2.3. Fibrinolytics
2.4. Antifibrinolytics
2.5. Antianemics
3. Endocrinological pharmacology
3.1. Hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal/adrenal axis modulators
3.3. Drugs affecting dysmetabolic conditions
3.4. Drugs affecting calcium and bone remodeling
4. Digestive system modifiers
4.1. H2 receptor antagonist drug
4.2. Proton pump inhibitors
4.3. Anticholinergics
4.4. Prostaglandin agonists
4.5. Antiacids
5. Antimicrobial drugs
5.1. Antibacterials
5.2. Antifungals
5.3. Antivirals, antiretrovirals and anthelmintics
5.4. Resistance mechanisms
6. Antineoplastic drugs
6.1. Classic and non-classic alkylating drugs
6.2. Antimetabolite drugs
6.3. Modulators of tubulin polymerization
6.4. Topoisomerase modulating drugs
6.5. Immunomodulatory drugs
6.6. Resistance mechanisms
7. The process of drug research – clinical phase
7.1. Clinical trials (Phase I-III)
7.2. Evaluation and Marketing Authorization
7.2. Postmarketing surveillance (Phase IV)

NAO

Primary bibliography:
– Drug Therapy and its Pharmacological Basis, 5th edition. Coordinated by S. Guimarães, D. Moura and P. Soares da Silva. Porto Editora, 2006.
– Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 10th edition, by Katzung, published by McGraw-Hill.
– Goodman and Gilman’s. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th edition. Edited by A. G. Gilman et al. Pergamon Press.
– Guide to drug development: a comprehensive review and assessment, 1st edition. Spilker, Bert 2009. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1st edition.
Secondary bibliography:
– Lecture notes
– Scientific articles indexed to Medline
– Clinical trials guidelines, EudraLex – Volume 10